Mushroom Extract: Does It Work?

Mushroom supplements are becoming increasingly popular, but do they really work? Mushrooms have been used for thousands of years in ancient Chinese medicine, and they are still widely used today in countries like China and Japan, especially in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Modern extraction methods turn raw mushroom material into a powder or liquid using a concentration process. However, it is important to note that mushroom supplements are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and there is limited research on their long-term safety and efficacy. While some studies have shown promising results in terms of reducing anxiety, enhancing the immune system, and fighting cancer, more research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness of mushroom extracts and their potential interactions with medications.

Heat-based extraction methods are key

One of the most common heat-based extraction methods is hot water extraction. This process involves grinding dry raw mushroom material into a coarse powder and then brewing it in water, similar to making tea. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Cordyceps tonics have long used this method for preparation. Modern extraction techniques further concentrate the mushroom powder or liquid to create supplements.

WholeSun Wellness, a company that produces mushroom supplements, recommends looking for products that utilise heat-based extraction methods. They also emphasise the importance of quality and caution against products with false promises. However, it is worth noting that WholeSun Wellness's advice is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be considered medical or health advice.

While there is promising research on the potential benefits of mushroom extracts, it is important to approach them with caution. As Samantha Cassetty, a registered dietitian, notes, many studies on mushroom extracts are small, conducted on animals or cells, and short-term. Additionally, mushroom extracts are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and there is no standard dosage or duration of use established for these supplements. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a healthcare professional before taking mushroom extracts and to be cautious about potential interactions with medications or health conditions.

Mushroom supplements are not regulated

While there is some scientific evidence of the effectiveness of mushroom supplements, including lab research and small human studies, the potential benefits are still being studied. The studies are often small, short-term, and conducted on animals or cells, making it difficult to determine long-term safety and efficacy. Furthermore, optimal doses for specific conditions have not been established, and the quality and active ingredients in supplements can vary widely, making it challenging to set standard dosages.

The absence of regulation also extends to the extraction methods used. Different extraction processes can significantly impact the effectiveness of mushroom supplements. While heat-based hot water and dual extractions are generally considered effective, other methods, such as plain mushroom powder, may not provide the same therapeutic benefits. This lack of standardization in extraction methods can make it challenging for consumers to know what they are purchasing.

The potential for inconsistency in mushroom supplements is further exacerbated by the practice of sourcing from multiple suppliers. When companies source mushrooms from various growers, they may process mushrooms with different genetic strains and growing methods together. As a result, they cannot guarantee that their products contain beneficial active compounds, even if the final product meets the specified ratio. Therefore, it is essential to be cautious about potential interactions with medications or health conditions when taking mushroom supplements. Consulting with a healthcare provider or dietitian is advisable before incorporating mushroom supplements into one's wellness routine.

Medicinal mushrooms may fight cancer

Medicinal mushrooms have been used in Asia, particularly in China, for thousands of years. In traditional Chinese medicine, they are believed to promote good health, strength, and longevity. Certain types of mushrooms, such as Coriolus versicolor (also known as turkey tail), have been used in integrated cancer therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

In recent years, medicinal mushrooms have been studied for their potential benefits in cancer treatment. These mushrooms are not ordinary; they contain biologically active compounds, including polysaccharides and β-glucans, that may have immune-boosting and anti-tumor properties. The β-glucans in mushrooms resemble bacterial cell walls and can activate an immune response that triggers the release of cytokines, which are active in tumor inhibition.

One example of a medicinal mushroom is Grifola frondosa, also known as maitake. The maitake D-fraction is a bioactive extract that has been studied as an adjuvant therapy, providing immune enhancement and activation that enhances the antitumor effect. It is most effective against breast, prostate, and liver cancer. When used in conjunction with chemotherapy, maitake D-fraction has been shown to increase response rates and reduce side effects.

Another medicinal mushroom, Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum or Ganoderma sinense), has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and is believed to prolong life, prevent aging, and increase energy. Modern studies suggest that Reishi may help strengthen the immune system in patients with lung cancer and repair immune cell damage caused by chemotherapy. However, it is important to note that optimal doses of Reishi mushroom have not been set, and quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary.

While medicinal mushrooms show promising potential in cancer treatment, more research is needed, especially in the United States, to understand how they may interact with different metabolic systems. Experts advise speaking with a doctor before incorporating mushrooms into cancer treatment to ensure an open conversation about the pros, cons, and limitations of the available research.

Mushrooms can lower blood pressure

Mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, especially in Asian regions, to promote good health, strength, and longevity. In modern times, they are cultivated and sold as food or taken as supplements for their potential health benefits.

Mushrooms are a good source of protein, essential amino acids, fibre, vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12, C, and D), and minerals (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, copper, iron, manganese, and selenium). They also contain compounds that inhibit the production of cholesterol and lower overall cholesterol levels in the blood.

Research has shown that mushrooms can help lower blood pressure. A study on spontaneously hypertensive rats found that their blood pressure was significantly reduced after being fed Maitake mushrooms for eight weeks. Another study from the Culinary Institute of America and UC Davis showed that swapping half the meat in a traditional ground beef recipe with mushrooms reduced sodium intake by 25%. This is significant because sodium and high blood pressure often go hand in hand. Sodium causes the body to retain excess fluid, which can increase blood pressure. Mushrooms are naturally low in sodium, so adding them to your meals can help keep your blood pressure in check.

When it comes to mushroom supplements, it is important to consider the extraction process. The most common methods are hot water extraction and dual extraction, which involve applying heat to release the active compounds in mushrooms, such as beta-glucans, triterpenoids, ergosterols, enzymes, and vitamins. However, the quality of mushroom supplements can vary, and there are limited clinical studies on humans to assess their efficacy and safety. Therefore, it is recommended to consult a medical professional before taking any mushroom supplements, especially if you are already taking medication for high blood pressure.

Mushroom extract can reduce anxiety

Mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and modern research is beginning to support their potential to ease anxiety. While experts have not yet reached a consensus on the benefits of mushrooms for reducing anxiety, there is a growing body of research that suggests that certain mushroom extracts can be effective in managing and reducing anxiety.

Psilocybin, the hallucinogenic compound found in "magic mushrooms", has been the subject of exciting new research exploring its potential to treat mental health conditions, including anxiety. Psilocybin shares similarities with serotonin, a chemical messenger that plays a crucial role in mood regulation. While the use of psilocybin for anxiety is not yet legal in many places, the state of Oregon has legalized its use for medical and mental health benefits. This shift represents a significant step forward in recognizing the potential therapeutic effects of mushrooms.

Reishi mushrooms, also known as adaptogens, have been revered for their calming and stress-reducing properties. They help regulate the nervous system, making them particularly beneficial for individuals dealing with chronic stress and anxiety. Reishi mushrooms are also known to support brain health and mental clarity.

Lion's Mane is another mushroom variety that has shown promise in reducing anxiety. It stimulates the production of nerve growth factor (NGF), which can enhance cognitive function and mental clarity. Animal studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Lion's Mane in reducing anxious behaviors, and it has been especially beneficial for peri-menopausal and menopausal women.

Cordyceps mushrooms are well-known for their energizing effects and ability to reduce fatigue. They can help mitigate the negative effects of caffeine, such as anxiety, restlessness, and cortisol spikes. By supporting the adrenal glands, Cordyceps supplements can enhance the body's response to stress and reduce anxiety symptoms.

While the research on mushroom extracts for anxiety is still evolving, the current evidence suggests that certain varieties, such as Reishi, Lion's Mane, and Cordyceps, may offer effective tools for managing and reducing anxiety. However, it is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating any new supplements into your routine, especially when dealing with mental health concerns.

Frequently asked questions