Mushrooms And Kidney Health: What You Need To Know

While mushrooms are generally considered to be kidney-friendly, with some types even being recognised for their potential health benefits for kidney health, there are certain cases where mushroom consumption has led to acute kidney injury and, in some cases, kidney failure. The risk of adverse effects appears to depend on the type of mushroom, individual sensitivity, and the amount ingested. Some mushrooms, such as the death cap or those from the Cortinarius family, are known to be toxic and can cause serious harm to the kidneys if ingested. However, it's important to note that cooking or freezing does not alter their toxicity. On the other hand, mushrooms like Reishi and Cordyceps are believed to support kidney function and could help prevent kidney damage. As with any dietary changes, it's recommended to consult a healthcare professional, especially if you have pre-existing kidney conditions.

Certain mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, aiding kidney health

While some reports suggest that mushroom poisoning can lead to acute kidney injury and even renal failure, it is important to distinguish between different types of mushrooms and their specific effects on kidney health. Certain mushrooms, such as the Psilocybe cubensis, have been associated with isolated cases of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, it is essential to note that the Psilocybe semilanceata species from the same family has not been linked to kidney issues. Other mushrooms, like those in the Cortinarius family, contain orellanine, which can lead to tubulo-interstitial nephritis and, ultimately, kidney failure. This family of mushrooms is commonly found in Europe, Australia, and Japan, and their consumption can result in digestive symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, followed by kidney-related issues.

Amatoxin syndrome is another toxidrome associated with mushroom poisoning and kidney failure. Amatoxins are toxic cyclopeptides that inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death, including in the cells of the proximal tubules of the kidneys. However, it is important to note that cooking or freezing does not reduce their toxicity. Orellanine syndrome, caused by mushrooms in the Cortinarius family, also leads to kidney issues. This syndrome inhibits protein synthesis and generates free oxygen radicals, resulting in tubulo-interstitial nephritis and, eventually, kidney failure.

On the other hand, some mushrooms are rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, which can aid in kidney health. For example, the use of antioxidant therapy has been explored in treating Cortinarius speciosissimus intoxication, suggesting that certain mushrooms may possess kidney-protective properties. While the specific types of mushrooms with kidney health benefits require further exploration, it is important to approach mushroom consumption with caution and proper identification to avoid adverse effects.

While regular mushrooms are generally considered safe, it is always advisable to consult a doctor or a medical professional for personalized advice, especially if you have existing kidney concerns or plan to consume wild or hallucinogenic mushrooms. They can provide guidance on the safety profile of different mushroom varieties and their potential interactions with kidney function.

Mushroom poisoning can lead to acute kidney injury and failure

Mushroom poisoning can result in acute kidney injury and failure, with four toxidromes associated with this outcome. Amatoxin syndrome is the most common intoxication, caused by the toxic cyclopeptides phallotoxin and amatoxin. While phallotoxin does not absorb into the intestine, amatoxin inhibits RNA polymerase II, resulting in deficient protein synthesis and cell death. This primarily affects cells with high metabolism, including hepatocytes, cells of the proximal tubules of the kidneys, and intestinal mucosa. Amatoxins are thermostable, so cooking or freezing does not reduce their toxicity. Orellanine syndrome, caused by the Cortinarius mushroom found in Europe, Australia, and Japan, is another toxidrome that can lead to acute kidney injury and failure. Orellanine inhibits protein synthesis and generates free oxygen radicals, resulting in tubulo-interstitial nephritis, which can progress to terminal chronic kidney disease in 40% to 60% of patients.

The clinical presentation of mushroom poisoning varies depending on the type of toxin involved. With amatoxin poisoning, the first stage typically includes cholera-like diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, followed by a period of clinical improvement. However, cytolytic hepatitis occurs silently, and after 48 hours or more, severe hepatic failure and kidney failure can occur. Orellanine poisoning presents with digestive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, anorexia, and chills within 24 to 36 hours of ingestion. Oliguric acute kidney failure appears 2 to 20 days afterward, progressing to terminal chronic kidney disease in 40% to 60% of patients. Diagnosis of mushroom poisoning-induced kidney failure can be confirmed by finding the toxin in body fluids or tissues. Treatment should be supportive and symptomatic, as there is currently no specific antidote.

While most sources agree that mushroom poisoning can lead to acute kidney injury and failure, some anecdotal evidence suggests that regular consumption of mushrooms may impact kidney health. However, this has not been supported by research, and it is generally advised to consult a doctor for professional medical advice regarding any concerns about mushroom consumption and its potential effects on kidney function.

Kidney-friendly mushroom recipes include stir-fries, grilled burgers, and tea

While there is one reported case of a 15-year-old male developing acute kidney injury after consuming Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, mushrooms are generally considered kidney-friendly when consumed in moderation. Here are some kidney-friendly mushroom recipes to consider:

Stir-Fries

Stir-frying mushrooms is a quick and easy way to incorporate them into your diet. Simply slice your choice of mushrooms and stir-fry them in a wok or a large pan with your favourite vegetables and a healthy oil of your choice. You can serve this with rice, quinoa, or another grain of your choice.

Grilled Burgers

For a kidney-friendly burger option, you can use mushrooms as a meat alternative. Portobello mushrooms are a popular choice for this. Remove the stems, brush the caps with olive oil, and grill them until tender. Serve your grilled mushroom patties on a whole-grain bun with your choice of toppings and condiments.

Mushroom Tea

To make a simple mushroom tea, slice your desired amount of mushrooms and place them in a tea infuser or strainer. Pour hot water over the mushrooms and allow them to steep for a few minutes. You can also add other ingredients like lemon slices or ginger for additional flavour and potential health benefits.

Mushroom Soup

Mushroom soup can be made kidney-friendly by using non-dairy alternatives. Heat coconut oil in a large pot and add ground pepper, shallots, and celery. Sauté until golden, then add garlic and continue cooking. Add sliced mushrooms and sauté until they release their liquid. Sprinkle in flour to thicken the soup, stirring frequently. Gradually add hot stock, along with thyme and bay leaves. For a creamier texture, stir in some non-dairy yoghurt.

Remember to always consult with a healthcare professional or dietician to ensure that any new foods or recipes align with your specific kidney health needs and dietary restrictions.

Some mushrooms may cause kidney damage, especially if consumed in large quantities

While there are relatively few adverse effects associated with mushroom consumption, some mushrooms can cause kidney damage, especially if consumed in large quantities. For example, a 15-year-old male developed acute kidney injury (AKI) 36 hours after ingesting Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms. In another instance, a couple experienced acute kidney failure after consuming mushrooms they had picked and cooked.

Mushroom poisoning can lead to kidney failure, with amatoxin syndrome being the most common intoxication. Amatoxins are toxic cyclopeptides that inhibit RNA polymerase II, resulting in deficient protein synthesis and cell death. Orellanine syndrome, caused by Cortinarius mushrooms found in Europe, Australia, and Japan, can also lead to kidney failure. Orellanine inhibits protein synthesis and generates free oxygen radicals, resulting in tubulo-interstitial nephritis.

It is important to note that cooking or freezing mushrooms does not alter the toxicity of amatoxins. Symptoms of mushroom poisoning typically start 6 to 12 hours after ingestion, with the first stage including cholera-like diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Cytolytic hepatitis occurs silently, and severe hepatic and kidney failure can develop 48 hours or more after ingestion. Renal failure occurs in 30%-75% of all mushroom poisonings, with end-stage chronic renal failure occurring in approximately one-third of cases.

While some mushrooms can cause kidney damage, it is important to consult a doctor or a medical professional for specific advice and information. It is also crucial to properly identify mushrooms before consumption to avoid accidental poisoning.

Consult a doctor or healthcare professional before incorporating mushrooms into your diet

While mushrooms are a nutritious and delicious addition to any meal, it is important to consult a doctor or healthcare professional before incorporating them into your diet, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions. This is because certain types of mushrooms can have adverse effects on kidney function, and it is essential to be fully informed about the potential risks.

Mushroom poisoning is a serious concern and can lead to acute kidney injury and even chronic kidney disease in some cases. The toxins present in certain mushrooms, such as amatoxins and orellanine, can cause renal failure and other life-threatening complications. These toxins are found in various mushroom species, including Amanita, Cortinarius, and Psilocybe. While cooking or freezing mushrooms can reduce the risk of food poisoning, it does not alter the toxicity of these dangerous compounds.

It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience any symptoms of mushroom poisoning, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, or renal problems. A timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for the best chance of recovery. In some cases, patients may require kidney transplants or dialysis due to irreversible kidney damage.

Therefore, if you are considering adding mushrooms to your diet, it is imperative to consult a healthcare professional first. They can advise you on the potential risks and benefits, especially if you have any kidney-related health issues. By seeking professional advice, you can make an informed decision about incorporating mushrooms into your meals safely and enjoy their nutritional benefits without putting your health at risk.

Additionally, it is essential to properly identify mushrooms before consuming them. Some poisonous mushrooms may resemble edible ones, and incorrect identification can lead to severe health consequences. Consulting a mycologist or a doctor experienced in mushroom poisoning can help ensure safe consumption and reduce the risk of kidney injury or failure.

Frequently asked questions