Emily Johnson
Portabella mushrooms, also known as Agaricus bisporus, are one of the most commonly consumed mushrooms in the world. They are native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America and are cultivated in more than 70 countries. Portabellas are the largest cultivated mushroom, with caps that can measure up to 6 inches in diameter. They are known for their rich umami flavour and meaty texture, making them a popular meat substitute in vegetarian dishes. Portabella mushrooms are a good source of nutrients, including B vitamins, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and copper. They also contain non-nutritive compounds with potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In terms of preparation, portabella mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in a variety of ways, including grilling, sautéing, roasting, and stir-frying.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common names | Agaricus bisporus, baby bella, brown mushroom, common white mushroom, cremini, crimini, portabella mushroom, portabello mushroom, white button |
| Scientific name | Agaricus bisporus |
| Size | Medium to large, up to 6 inches in diameter |
| Colour | Tan, Brown, White, Off-white |
| Texture | Plump, Smooth, Firm, Spongy, Delicate, Easily punctured or scratched |
| Gills | Dark brown, Crowded, Narrow, Freestanding |
| Stem | Ivory to white, Fibrous, 2-7 cm in length, 1-3 cm in diameter |
| Taste | Umami-rich, Meaty |
| Nutritional content | B vitamins, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Copper, Vitamin D, Polysaccharides, Polyphenols, Carotenoids |
| Health benefits | Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Anticancer properties, Immune system stimulation, Reduction in risk of mild cognitive impairment |
| Preparation | Wash hands before and after handling, Clean under running water before cooking and eating, Grill, Sauté, Roast, Stir-fry, Marinate in vinegar and herbs, Slice into strips |
| Commercial production | Grown in specially designed rooms or warehouses with controlled temperature (60-70 °F) and humidity (65-80%), harvested by hand |
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What You'll Learn
Portabella mushrooms are a good source of nutrients
Portabella mushrooms are nutrient-dense, providing an impressive amount of essential vitamins and minerals per calorie. They are a good source of ergothioneine, also known as the "longevity vitamin", as well as selenium, copper, vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), and vitamin B7 (biotin). They also contain vitamin D, although commercial mushrooms grown indoors may not contain significant amounts. Some growers expose their mushrooms to ultraviolet light to increase their vitamin D content.
Portabellas are also a good source of phytochemicals, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which has cancer-preventing and anti-aging properties. They contain non-nutritive compounds like polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids, which have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. In animal studies, portabella mushrooms have been shown to stimulate immune cells and stop the growth and spread of cancer cells. They also provide plant-based protein, with most types containing about 20% protein based on their dried weight.
Portabella mushrooms are a popular alternative to meat, with a dense, meaty texture and an umami flavour. They are low in calories, fat, and sodium, and free from dairy, nuts, and soy. They can be used as a substitute for meat in recipes, such as burgers, steaks, and stir-fries, making them a versatile and nutritious addition to any diet.
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They can be cooked in a variety of ways
Portabella mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in a variety of ways. They are popular in Italian dishes, where they are often added to pasta or sauces. Here are some ways to cook large portabella mushrooms:
Grilling
Portabella mushrooms are perfect for grilling due to their ability to absorb marinades and retain moisture. Before grilling, you can marinate the mushrooms in vinegar and herbs. To grill, place the portabella caps on the grill with the cap-side down, so the gills face up. Cover the grill with a lid and cook for about five minutes. After this, flip the mushrooms and cook the opposite side for another five minutes, checking for grill marks.
Frying
Portabella mushrooms can also be fried. To do this, clean the mushrooms with a damp paper towel, then slice off the ends. You can then dip the mushrooms in batter and fry them in oil, stirring to ensure even cooking. Fried portabella mushrooms can also be made in an air fryer or baked in an oven.
As a Meat Substitute
Portabella mushrooms are often used as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes. They can be used in place of burger buns or even as a replacement for the burger patty itself. They can also be sliced into thick vegan "steaks".
In Stir-Fry
Portabella mushrooms can be sliced into strips and cooked in a stir-fry.
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They are a popular meat substitute
Portabella mushrooms are a popular meat substitute for several reasons. Firstly, they have a meaty texture and an earthy, umami-rich flavour. This makes them a hearty substitute that can be used in a variety of dishes. They are also low in calories, containing just 22 calories per 100 grams, while being rich in fibre, vitamins, and minerals. This makes them a perfect addition to a weight-loss-friendly diet and a healthy alternative to meat.
Portabella mushrooms are also versatile and can be cooked in many ways. They can be grilled, sautéed, or used in soups, stir-fries, or as a pizza topping. Large portabella mushrooms can be served whole as steaks or burgers, and smaller ones can be used as burger buns. They can also be stuffed and cooked, or sliced and marinated in vinegar and herbs before grilling or pan-frying.
Portabella mushrooms are also a good source of nutrients. They contain vitamin D, B vitamins, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, and copper. They also contain non-nutritive compounds like polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids, which may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Portabella mushrooms are also easy to prepare and cook. They can be cleaned with a damp paper towel or cloth instead of rinsing them under water, which can make them soggy. They can then be brushed with olive oil and seasoned with spices like garlic powder, paprika, or chilli flakes before being grilled. This creates a smoky, meaty flavour that makes a great substitute for meat in dishes.
Overall, portabella mushrooms are a popular meat substitute due to their meaty texture and flavour, nutritional benefits, versatility in cooking, and ease of preparation. They are a healthy, tasty, and satisfying alternative to meat that can be enjoyed in a variety of dishes.
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They are commercially grown in controlled environments
Portabella mushrooms, also known as Agaricus bisporus, are one of the most commonly consumed mushrooms in the world. They are cultivated in more than 70 countries and are sold under a variety of names and at various stages of maturity, ranging in colour from white to brown.
Portabella mushrooms are commercially grown in controlled environments, typically in specially designed rooms or warehouses. These growing environments maintain a temperature between 15.5 and 21 °C (60 and 70 °F) and a humidity level between 65 and 80%. Commercial growers can manipulate the oxygen levels in the room as well. These controlled conditions allow growers to induce the production of mushrooms from the mycelium after about five or six weeks of growth.
Historically, portabella mushrooms were grown in caves, tunnels, or abandoned quarries, which provided similar temperature and humidity conditions to modern growing facilities. Commercial composts used in these controlled environments are often composed of straw, gypsum, horse manure, dried poultry litter, and canola meal, blended with water and pasteurized.
To create the white variety of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, mycologist Louis Ferdinand Lambert isolated the genes for pure white mushrooms in 1925 or 1926, allowing for the consistent production of white mushrooms through asexual reproduction. This discovery led to white mushrooms becoming the most desired variety in American commercial markets, while larger brown mushrooms were largely discarded.
Commercially grown mushrooms may be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light to increase their vitamin D content. Wild mushrooms exposed to sunlight or another source of UV light are a good source of vitamin D2, also known as ergocalciferol.
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They are a healthy complement to meals
Portabella mushrooms are a healthy complement to meals. They are a good source of nutrients, including B vitamins, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, copper, and riboflavin. They also contain non-nutritive compounds like polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids, which may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Portabella mushrooms are low in sodium and can be a good option for those watching their salt intake. They have a rich and savory umami flavor and a firm, dense texture, making them a hearty and savory addition to dishes.
Portabella mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in a variety of ways. They are commonly grilled or sautéed and can be used in place of meat in vegetarian dishes. They can be served whole as steaks or burgers, or sliced and added to pasta, sauces, or stir-fries. Portabella mushrooms can also be marinated in vinegar and herbs before grilling or pan-frying.
When selecting portabella mushrooms, look for those that are firm with a fresh, smooth appearance. The surface should be dry but not dried out, and the gills should appear firm. Store them in their original packaging or a porous paper bag to prolong their shelf life.
Portabella mushrooms are a healthy and delicious addition to any meal, offering a range of potential health benefits and a unique, savory flavor. They are a good option for those looking to increase their nutrient intake while enjoying a versatile and satisfying ingredient.
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Frequently asked questions
Portabella mushrooms are considered large when they measure 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) in diameter.
Portabella mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, copper, and vitamin D. They also contain non-nutritive compounds like polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids, which may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Large portabella mushrooms are versatile and can be grilled, sautéed, roasted, or used in soups, salads, pizzas, and stir-fries. They are commonly used as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes, such as burgers or steaks.
