Laura Smith
There are many different opinions on whether or not mushrooms should be soaked before cooking. Some people believe that washing mushrooms can make them slimy and less flavorful, while others argue that a quick rinse before cooking is necessary to remove any dirt or debris. Some people also soak mushrooms to reconstitute them, especially dried mushrooms, which can take anywhere from 20 minutes to 8 hours or more depending on the variety and thickness. This produces a flavorful broth that can be used in cooking. Ultimately, the decision to soak or not soak mushrooms comes down to personal preference and the specific recipe or dish being prepared.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Do you have to soak mushrooms? | It depends on the type of mushroom. Dried mushrooms need to be soaked and reconstituted with water before use. Common store-bought mushrooms like portobello, cremini, buttons, and shiitakes can be rinsed under water, while others can be cleaned with a brush or damp towel. |
| How long should you soak mushrooms? | The soaking time depends on the size and thickness of the mushrooms. Thinly sliced mushrooms will be rehydrated in 20-30 minutes, while thicker and whole-capped mushrooms may take longer. Soaking in hot water can expedite the process. |
| How to soak mushrooms? | Use room temperature water for most mushrooms, and hot water for thickly sliced or capped mushrooms if you're in a hurry. The water will produce a flavorful broth that can be used in recipes, but be careful not to use too much as the flavor is strong. |
| Do you need to rinse mushrooms after soaking? | Opinions vary. Some people don't rinse to avoid washing away the flavor, while others believe in rinsing to remove residual grit. Rinsing the mushrooms under running water can help remove any hidden grit. |
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What You'll Learn
Soaking dried mushrooms
Dried mushrooms have a meaty texture and a beautiful, concentrated flavor that is released when they are rehydrated. Rehydrating dried mushrooms is essential to avoid a chewy texture and to ensure they are plump and ready for cooking. The soaking time depends on the type of dried mushroom and the soaking liquid.
To rehydrate dried mushrooms, start by placing them in a bowl and covering them with room temperature water or lukewarm water until they float. If you want to infuse more flavor, you can use chicken broth, beef broth, or vegetable stock instead of plain water. Let the mushrooms soak for 30 minutes to an hour, or until they are fully softened and pliable. The soaking time varies depending on the type of mushroom and the size. For example, dried porcini mushrooms take about 5 to 10 minutes to rehydrate, while shiitake mushrooms can take up to 30 minutes.
After soaking, gently rub the mushrooms with your fingers to remove any remaining dirt or debris. Then, pour the mixture through a strainer to separate the mushrooms from the liquid. Alternatively, you can use a slotted spoon to scoop out the mushrooms. Rinse the mushrooms again to ensure no leftover grit, or wipe them with a paper towel.
The soaking liquid can be reserved and strained through a fine-mesh strainer lined with a paper towel or coffee filter to remove any grit. This liquid is flavorful and can be added to your dish or used as a broth or stock.
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Removing grit from dried mushrooms
There are several methods for removing grit from dried mushrooms. One common method is to soak the mushrooms in water for an extended period, ranging from a few hours to up to 24 hours. However, some have found this technique ineffective in removing all the grit.
A more successful approach involves using a slow cooker or simply leaving the mushrooms in hot water for several hours. One recipe for removing grit suggests placing dried mushrooms in a slow cooker with plain water for about seven hours on low heat. This method softens the mushrooms and removes most of the grit. After scooping the mushrooms out, you can rub them gently with your fingers under running water to dislodge any remaining grit, especially in the stems.
Another technique involves using hot water to soak the mushrooms, covering them by about one inch. Once they have softened, lift them out and rinse them under cold, running water, feeling for any remaining grit. The soaking liquid can be strained through a paper towel-lined strainer to remove the grit and used in recipes or frozen for later use.
For stubborn dried mushrooms that still have grit after soaking and rinsing, a more intensive cleaning method may be required. One suggestion is to make a slit in the lower part of the stem of black trumpet mushrooms, as they have a hollow structure, and clean out the inside.
It is worth noting that some people prefer to brush or wipe mushrooms with a damp cloth to remove visible dirt rather than soaking them, as they believe that washing can make the mushrooms slimy and less flavorful. However, chefs like Alex Guarnaschelli and food historian Harold McGee have stated that it is okay to wash mushrooms, and the belief that they will become soggy or diluted in flavor is a myth.
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Cleaning wild mushrooms
- Cut the mushroom into pieces before washing.
- Submerge the pieces and agitate them around in the water.
- Remove, check all dirt and grit have been removed, and pat dry between clean kitchen towels.
- Add salt to the washing water: 1 tablespoon per 4 cups of water.
- Swoosh to dissolve the salt, then add the mushrooms.
- Soak the mushrooms for 20 minutes.
- Drain and repeat.
- Dry the mushrooms on a double layer of cotton dish towels. The salty water will remove any tiny creatures.
Alternatively, you can use a soft-bristle brush to scrub away dirt gently. You can also dip a small brush in water and then brush the mushroom to use a minimal amount of water for cleaning.
It is important to note that you should only clean your mushrooms right before you intend to use them, as any moisture can create an opportunity for mould.
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Rinsing vs brushing store-bought mushrooms
There are mixed opinions on whether to rinse or brush store-bought mushrooms. Some people prefer to brush off the dirt or use a damp cloth to wipe it off, as they believe that rinsing mushrooms causes them to become waterlogged, affecting their texture and taste during cooking. However, others say that it is okay to wash mushrooms, as they are already mostly water and lose little to no flavour from a brief rinse.
Those who prefer to brush their mushrooms can use a soft-bristle brush, a mushroom brush, or a technique championed by chef Emeril Lagassé: dipping a small brush in water and then brushing the mushroom to use a minimal amount of water for cleaning. Others prefer to use a damp cloth to wipe the dirt off.
Those who prefer to rinse their mushrooms recommend waiting to wash them until right before cooking with them so they don't get bogged down with water. After rinsing, they should be dried off before cooking.
The method chosen may depend on the type of mushroom and how it has been sourced. Mushrooms that are purchased at a store are grown on sterile manure, which is the "'dirt'" that clings to them. While it is not unsafe to consume, it may not be desirable. Brushing can remove loose dirt, but some bits may be more firmly attached or hiding in the gills. Therefore, rinsing may be more effective at removing all the dirt.
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How to dry mushrooms
Drying mushrooms can be done in several ways, and you don't need any special equipment. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to dry mushrooms:
Cleaning the Mushrooms
Firstly, it is important to clean the mushrooms. Wild mushrooms should be washed, while cultivated mushrooms can be cleaned with a dry cloth or paper towel. If you are going to wash your mushrooms, fill a large bowl with water and swish the mushrooms in the water for a minute or so. Then, drain them in a colander and pat them dry with a towel. Make sure to use your cleaned mushrooms immediately, as they do not keep well.
Air-Drying
Air-drying mushrooms is a simple process. First, wipe fresh mushrooms with a lightly dampened towel. Do not wash them under running water. Then, transfer the mushrooms to a container that allows air to circulate around them, such as a mesh colander or a baking rack set on a baking sheet. Ensure the mushrooms are not overcrowded. Place them in a well-ventilated area, preferably in the sun, and allow them to air dry for 7-10 days. The mushrooms are ready when they are completely dry to the touch and do not give when squeezed.
Oven-Drying
If you want to speed up the drying process, you can use an oven. Start by partially drying the mushrooms using the air-drying method described above. Then, place the mushrooms in an oven set to 140°F (60°C) for 8-10 hours. If you are using a conventional oven, the process may take up to twice as long. Remember to monitor the mushrooms closely towards the end of the drying period, as vegetables can scorch easily at this stage.
Fan-Drying
Another option for drying mushrooms is to use a fan. Place the mushrooms on a screen or in a mesh bag and position them in front of a fan. Leave the fan running until the mushrooms are completely dry, which may take a few days.
Once your mushrooms are dried, you can store them in a cool, dry place for up to 2 years. Enjoy using your dried mushrooms in soups, stir-fries, and more!
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Frequently asked questions
It depends on the type of mushroom. Dried mushrooms need to be soaked and reconstituted in water before cooking. Fresh mushrooms can be soaked in water, but it is not necessary. You can use a brush or a damp cloth to wipe off any dirt.
The soaking time depends on the size and thickness of the mushrooms. Thinly sliced mushrooms will be rehydrated in 20-30 minutes, while thicker mushrooms may take longer. If you're in a hurry, you can use hot water to speed up the process.
It is recommended to rinse the mushrooms after soaking to remove any residual grit. Rinsing the mushrooms under running water will help ensure that all the grit is removed.
Wild mushrooms like chanterelles may be covered in dirt or debris. To clean them, add salt to the washing water (1 tablespoon per 4 cups of water). Soak the mushrooms for 20 minutes, then drain and repeat if necessary. Dry the mushrooms on a cotton dish towel. The salty water will help remove any tiny creatures.
