Sarah Brown
Growing mushrooms in a plastic tub is a simple and accessible method for cultivating your own fungi at home. This technique is ideal for beginners due to its low cost and minimal space requirements. By using a plastic tub, you can create a controlled environment that mimics the natural conditions mushrooms need to thrive. The process typically involves sterilizing the tub, preparing a substrate (such as straw or sawdust), inoculating it with mushroom spawn, and maintaining proper humidity and temperature levels. With patience and care, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of fresh, homegrown mushrooms in just a few weeks.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Container | Food-grade plastic tub with lid (5-10 gallons) |
| Substrate | Sterilized straw, sawdust, or manure-based substrate |
| Spawn | Mushroom spawn (grain or sawdust-based) of desired species (e.g., oyster, lion's mane, shiitake) |
| Sterilization | Substrate must be pasteurized (160°F for 1-2 hours) or sterilized (212°F for 1-2 hours) |
| Hydration | Substrate should be moist but not soggy (60-70% moisture content) |
| Inoculation | Mix spawn evenly into substrate (10-20% spawn by weight) |
| Incubation | Maintain darkness, 65-75°F (18-24°C), and high humidity (90-95%) for 2-4 weeks |
| Fruiting | Introduce light (12 hours/day), lower temperature (55-65°F), and fresh air exchange |
| Humidity | Maintain 85-95% humidity during fruiting |
| Harvesting | Pick mushrooms when caps are fully open but before spores drop |
| Maintenance | Regularly mist substrate and ensure proper ventilation |
| Yield | 1-2 pounds per 5-gallon tub, depending on species and conditions |
| Timeframe | 4-8 weeks from inoculation to first harvest |
| Reusability | Substrate can be reused 1-2 times after pasteurization |
| Common Issues | Contamination (mold, bacteria), improper humidity, or temperature fluctuations |
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What You'll Learn
- Sterilize substrate: Prepare a nutrient-rich growing medium, such as straw or manure, and sterilize it
- Inoculate substrate: Introduce mushroom spores or spawn to the sterilized substrate, ensuring even distribution
- Maintain humidity: Keep the environment humid (85-95%) using a misting bottle or humidifier
- Control temperature: Maintain optimal temperature (60-75°F) for mushroom growth, monitoring with a thermometer
- Harvest and maintain: Pick mature mushrooms, and maintain the tub for multiple flushes by rehydrating the substrate
Sterilize substrate: Prepare a nutrient-rich growing medium, such as straw or manure, and sterilize it
To successfully grow mushrooms in a plastic tub, one of the critical steps is to sterilize the substrate, which serves as the nutrient-rich growing medium for the mushrooms. The substrate can be made from various organic materials, with straw and manure being popular choices due to their high nutrient content and availability. Begin by selecting high-quality straw or well-aged manure, ensuring it is free from pesticides or contaminants that could hinder mushroom growth. Chop the straw into smaller pieces or mix the manure thoroughly to create a uniform substrate. This preparation ensures that the nutrients are evenly distributed, promoting healthy mycelium growth.
Once the substrate is prepared, the next step is to sterilize it to eliminate any competing microorganisms, such as bacteria or mold, that could outcompete the mushroom mycelium. Sterilization is crucial because mushrooms are sensitive to contamination, and a clean substrate significantly increases the chances of a successful harvest. To sterilize straw, place it in a large pot or container and cover it with water. Bring the water to a boil and let the straw simmer for at least 1 to 2 hours. This process not only sterilizes the straw but also hydrates it, making it more receptive to colonization by the mushroom mycelium. After boiling, carefully drain the straw and allow it to cool to a temperature that is safe to handle.
For manure, the sterilization process can be slightly different. Since manure is denser and holds more moisture, it is often pasteurized rather than fully sterilized. To pasteurize manure, preheat an oven to 150°F (65°C) and spread the manure evenly on a baking tray. Place it in the oven for 30 minutes to an hour, ensuring the internal temperature reaches at least 140°F (60°C) to kill harmful pathogens. Alternatively, you can pasteurize manure by soaking it in hot water at 160°F (71°C) for 30 minutes, then draining and cooling it. Pasteurization retains more of the beneficial microorganisms in the manure while still creating a suitable environment for mushroom growth.
After sterilizing or pasteurizing the substrate, it is essential to cool it down to room temperature before introducing the mushroom spawn. This prevents the spawn from being damaged by excess heat. Spread the cooled substrate evenly in the plastic tub, ensuring it is not compacted too tightly to allow for proper air circulation. The substrate should be moist but not waterlogged, as excessive moisture can lead to anaerobic conditions and contamination. Use a spray bottle to adjust the moisture level if necessary.
Finally, once the sterilized substrate is prepared and placed in the plastic tub, it is ready to be inoculated with mushroom spawn. This step marks the beginning of the colonization phase, where the mycelium will grow throughout the substrate, breaking down the organic material and preparing to produce mushrooms. Proper sterilization of the substrate is a foundational step in the mushroom cultivation process, ensuring a clean and nutrient-rich environment for optimal growth. By following these detailed instructions, you can create an ideal foundation for growing mushrooms in a plastic tub.
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Inoculate substrate: Introduce mushroom spores or spawn to the sterilized substrate, ensuring even distribution
Inoculating the substrate is a critical step in growing mushrooms in a plastic tub, as it introduces the mushroom mycelium to the nutrient-rich material where it will colonize and eventually produce fruiting bodies. Begin by preparing your sterilized substrate, which should be cooled to around 75-80°F (24-27°C) to avoid killing the spores or spawn. Place the substrate in a clean, sanitized plastic tub, ensuring it is evenly distributed and loosely packed to allow for proper air exchange. If using a bulk substrate like straw or manure, break up any clumps to create a uniform texture.
Next, prepare your mushroom spores or spawn. If using spore syringes, shake the syringe gently to ensure the spores are evenly suspended in the solution. For grain spawn, break up any large clumps to expose more mycelium. Working in a clean environment, preferably with gloves and a face mask to minimize contamination, open the plastic tub containing the substrate. If using a spore syringe, inject the spore solution directly into the substrate at several points, aiming for even coverage. For grain spawn, sprinkle it evenly over the substrate surface, then gently mix it in with sanitized hands or a tool to ensure the mycelium is distributed throughout.
To achieve thorough inoculation, divide the substrate into layers if it is deep, adding spawn or spores between each layer. This ensures the mycelium can spread uniformly without being concentrated in one area. After introducing the spores or spawn, lightly mist the substrate with water to help activate the mycelium and settle any displaced particles. Seal the tub with a lid or cover it with microwavable plastic wrap to retain moisture and prevent contaminants from entering.
Maintain a clean environment throughout the inoculation process, as contamination at this stage can ruin the entire batch. If possible, work in front of a HEPA filter or in a still air box to reduce the risk of airborne contaminants. Once inoculated, place the tub in a dark, warm area with stable temperatures between 70-75°F (21-24°C) to encourage mycelium growth. Avoid disturbing the tub during the colonization phase, which can take 2-4 weeks depending on the mushroom species and conditions.
Finally, monitor the tub for signs of mycelium growth, such as white threads spreading through the substrate. If contamination appears (e.g., mold or unusual colors), isolate the tub to prevent it from affecting other grows. Successful inoculation sets the foundation for healthy mycelium development, which is essential for a bountiful mushroom harvest in your plastic tub setup.
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Maintain humidity: Keep the environment humid (85-95%) using a misting bottle or humidifier
Maintaining the proper humidity level is critical for successfully growing mushrooms in a plastic tub, as mushrooms thrive in environments with humidity levels between 85% and 95%. This range mimics their natural habitat and supports mycelium growth and fruiting. To achieve and sustain this humidity, you can use a misting bottle or a humidifier, both of which are effective tools for this purpose. A misting bottle allows for manual control, enabling you to lightly spray the inside of the tub and the mushroom substrate as needed. This method is simple and cost-effective, making it ideal for small-scale growers or those just starting out.
When using a misting bottle, it’s important to monitor the humidity levels regularly. Invest in a hygrometer to measure the humidity inside the tub accurately. Mist the walls and surface of the substrate 2-3 times a day, or whenever the humidity drops below 85%. Avoid over-misting, as excessive moisture can lead to mold or bacterial growth, which can harm your mushroom crop. Ensure the mist is fine and even, covering all surfaces without creating puddles or waterlogged areas. Consistency is key, as fluctuations in humidity can stress the mycelium and hinder growth.
For larger setups or growers seeking a more hands-off approach, a humidifier is an excellent alternative. Place a humidifier near the plastic tub, ensuring it’s set to maintain the desired 85-95% humidity range. Humidifiers provide a steady, automated source of moisture, reducing the need for frequent manual intervention. However, it’s still essential to monitor the humidity levels with a hygrometer to ensure the humidifier is functioning correctly. Some humidifiers come with built-in hygrometers and adjustable settings, making them a convenient option for maintaining optimal conditions.
Regardless of the method chosen, proper ventilation is crucial while maintaining humidity. Mushrooms need fresh air exchange to prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide, which can stunt growth. Ensure your plastic tub has small vents or openings to allow air circulation without significantly reducing humidity. If using a humidifier, position it in a way that doesn’t block these vents. Balancing humidity with adequate airflow ensures a healthy environment for your mushrooms to flourish.
Lastly, consider the ambient conditions of the room where the plastic tub is located. If the room is naturally dry, maintaining high humidity levels may require more frequent misting or a more powerful humidifier. Conversely, in humid climates, you may need to rely less on external tools. Always adapt your humidity maintenance strategy to the specific conditions of your growing environment. With consistent monitoring and adjustments, you can create the ideal humid environment for your mushrooms to grow successfully in a plastic tub.
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Control temperature: Maintain optimal temperature (60-75°F) for mushroom growth, monitoring with a thermometer
Temperature control is a critical factor in successfully growing mushrooms in a plastic tub. Mushrooms thrive in a specific temperature range, typically between 60°F and 75°F (15°C and 24°C), depending on the species. Deviating from this range can slow growth, reduce yields, or even kill the mycelium. To ensure optimal conditions, start by placing your plastic tub in a location where the ambient temperature naturally falls within this range. Basements, closets, or rooms with stable temperatures are ideal. Avoid areas prone to temperature fluctuations, such as near windows, heaters, or air conditioners.
Monitoring temperature is essential for maintaining the ideal environment. Use a reliable thermometer to track the temperature inside the tub regularly. Digital thermometers with probes are particularly useful, as they allow you to monitor the temperature without opening the tub, which can disrupt humidity levels. Place the thermometer probe near the substrate to get an accurate reading of the growing environment. Check the temperature at least twice daily, especially during extreme weather conditions, to ensure it remains within the optimal range.
If the temperature falls outside the ideal range, adjustments are necessary. For cooler environments, consider using a heating mat or seedling heat mat placed under the tub to provide gentle, consistent warmth. Ensure the mat is set to a low temperature to avoid overheating. In warmer conditions, move the tub to a cooler location or use a fan to circulate air and reduce heat buildup. Avoid using air conditioners directly on the tub, as rapid temperature changes can stress the mycelium.
Insulation can also help stabilize temperature. Wrapping the plastic tub in insulating materials, such as foam boards or bubble wrap, can buffer against external temperature fluctuations. This is especially useful in environments where temperatures vary widely throughout the day. However, ensure the insulation doesn’t trap excess heat, as this can raise the internal temperature beyond the optimal range.
Finally, be mindful of the mushroom species you’re growing, as some may have slightly different temperature preferences. For example, oyster mushrooms typically grow well at the higher end of the range (70-75°F), while shiitake mushrooms prefer slightly cooler temperatures (60-65°F). Always research the specific needs of your chosen species and adjust your temperature control strategies accordingly. Consistent monitoring and proactive adjustments will create a stable environment for healthy mushroom growth.
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Harvest and maintain: Pick mature mushrooms, and maintain the tub for multiple flushes by rehydrating the substrate
Harvesting mushrooms at the right time is crucial for both quality and yield. Mature mushrooms are ready to pick when their caps have fully opened, but the edges are still slightly curled inward, and the gills are visible but not yet releasing spores. To harvest, gently grasp the base of the mushroom stem and twist it clockwise or use a clean, sharp knife to cut it at the base. Avoid pulling or damaging the surrounding mycelium, as this can reduce future flushes. Place the harvested mushrooms in a basket or container, ensuring they are not crushed or overcrowded. Proper timing ensures you get the best flavor and texture while allowing the mycelium to continue producing.
After harvesting, maintaining the plastic tub for multiple flushes requires careful attention to the substrate's moisture levels. The substrate tends to dry out over time, so rehydrating it is essential to encourage new mushroom growth. To rehydrate, prepare a sterile water solution (preferably filtered or distilled to avoid contaminants) and gently mist the surface of the substrate. Alternatively, you can carefully pour a small amount of water around the edges of the tub, allowing it to soak in without waterlogging the center. Cover the tub with a lid or damp cloth to retain humidity, and place it back in a cool, dark environment. Monitor the moisture levels daily, ensuring the substrate remains damp but not soggy.
Between flushes, it’s important to maintain optimal growing conditions. Keep the tub in a stable environment with temperatures between 60°F and 70°F (15°C and 21°C), as fluctuations can stress the mycelium. Regularly inspect the tub for signs of contamination, such as mold or unusual colors, and address any issues immediately. If mold appears, remove the affected area with a sterile tool and mist the surface with a mild hydrogen peroxide solution to prevent further spread. Patience is key, as it can take 1-3 weeks for the next flush to appear, depending on the mushroom species and environmental conditions.
To maximize the number of flushes, avoid over-disturbing the substrate during harvesting and rehydration. Each flush will generally be smaller than the previous one, but with proper care, you can expect 2-4 flushes from a single tub. After the final flush, when no new mushrooms appear after rehydrating, the substrate can be composted or used as a soil amendment. The plastic tub can be cleaned, sterilized, and reused for another grow cycle, making the process sustainable and cost-effective.
Finally, record your observations throughout the process, noting factors like humidity, temperature, and the time between flushes. This data will help you refine your technique and improve future grows. Growing mushrooms in a plastic tub is a rewarding and accessible hobby, and with proper harvesting and maintenance, you can enjoy a steady supply of fresh mushrooms while minimizing waste and effort.
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Frequently asked questions
Use a food-grade plastic tub with a lid, preferably one that is at least 6–8 inches deep. Ensure it has a tight-fitting lid to maintain humidity.
Common substrates include straw, sawdust, or a mix of coconut coir and vermiculite. Sterilize or pasteurize the substrate to prevent contamination.
Keep the substrate moist by misting it regularly or using a humidifier. Cover the tub with a lid or place it in a larger container with water to create a humid environment.
Minimize opening the tub to avoid introducing contaminants. Check every 3–5 days initially, then daily once pins (small mushrooms) start forming.
It typically takes 2–4 weeks for mushrooms to grow after inoculating the substrate, depending on the species and environmental conditions.
