Sarah Brown
Mushroom mycelium is the thread-like body of a fungus, often hidden underground or inside rotting logs and stumps. The mycelium is the main part of the fungus, and the mushrooms themselves are the fruiting bodies that form to help with reproduction. Mycelium consists of thousands of delicate, thread-like hyphae that join together to form an underground network of long fibres that grow through organic matter and obtain nutrients. Mycelium is a fast-growing organism with the ability to decompose organic compounds, including some pollutants such as petroleum products and pesticides. When harvesting mushrooms, it is important to minimise damage to the mycelium. This can be done by carefully twisting and pulling the mushroom from the mycelium or cutting the fruit bodies where they join the ground.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| How to harvest mushroom mycelium | There are two main methods: cutting and twisting/pulling. The cutting method minimises disturbance to the mycelium and is suitable for easily identified species. The twisting/pulling method involves gently twisting the mushrooms at the base of the stem. |
| How to avoid damaging mycelium | Avoid trampling the mycelium in the top layer of soil. Be careful not to compact or disturb the ground or leaf litter. Keep things sterile by washing your hands and wearing gloves and a face mask to prevent contamination. |
| Timing of harvest | It is crucial to harvest at the right time to maximise future flushes and get the most out of your efforts. Harvest just before the veil tears to avoid ruining the whole grow. |
| Mushroom characteristics | Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of a fungus, consisting of tightly bunched mycelium. The mycelium is the main part of the fungus, often hidden underground or inside rotting logs and stumps. |
| Mycelium characteristics | Mycelium is the reproduction part of a fungus, consisting of thousands of delicate, thread-like hyphae that join together to form an underground network. It is the longest-living part of a fungus and can remain dormant for several years. Mycelium feeds on and decomposes dead organic material. |
| Mycelium uses | Mycelium has potential uses in the circular economy due to its ability to decompose organic compounds, including some pollutants like petroleum products and pesticides. It is also used in health supplements. |
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What You'll Learn
Twisting and pulling mushrooms from mycelium
There are two schools of thought on the best way to harvest mushrooms: cutting them from where they join the ground or twisting and pulling them from the mycelium. The former is argued to prevent damage to the delicate mycelium below, while proponents of the latter method believe that it stops the residual stump left by cutting from rotting and infecting the mycelium. However, all fungi will eventually rot away if left alone.
Some people prefer to twist and pull smaller mushrooms, but for larger clumps, they recommend using scissors to harvest as close to the surface as possible. When harvesting mushrooms by twisting and pulling, it is important to first identify the mushroom species to avoid collecting poisonous varieties. Then, grasp the mushroom's base or stem gently but firmly between your thumb and fingers. Finally, gently twist the mushroom in a counterclockwise direction while pulling it upward. This technique can be quick and effective for gathering large quantities of mushrooms.
The twist method aims to minimize disturbance to the mycelial network, which is responsible for nutrient absorption and fungal reproduction. By gently twisting the mushroom rather than pulling or cutting it, you reduce the risk of damaging the mycelium, allowing the fungus to continue its ecological functions. Additionally, twisting can help maintain the quality of the harvested mushrooms by avoiding bruising or breaking of the mushroom cap and stem.
However, some people argue that the twist and pull method can sometimes damage the substrate, leaving a door for contaminants to enter. They prefer to cut the mushrooms with a sharp knife, leaving the stumps behind. They claim that this does not cause rot or contamination and that new pins will form on or around the stump over time. Ultimately, the decision between twisting and pulling or cutting mushrooms depends on personal preference and the specific mushroom species being harvested.
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Cutting mushrooms from where they join the ground
There are two schools of thought on the best way to harvest mushrooms. One method is to cut the fruit bodies from where they join the ground to avoid damaging the delicate mycelium below. The other method involves twisting and pulling the mushroom from the mycelium. This method is generally preferred for mycorrhizal fungi, such as chanterelles, ceps, and hedgehog mushrooms, as they tend to detach cleanly from their mycelial web.
When cutting mushrooms from where they join the ground, it is important to use a sharp knife or scissors to make a clean cut. Hold the mushroom firmly with one hand and cut it as close to the ground as possible. Be careful not to damage the mycelium or the surrounding environment, as this could impact future growth. It is also important to keep the area sterile by washing your hands and wearing gloves and a face mask to prevent contamination by bacteria or aggressive fungi.
After cutting the mushrooms, it is essential to clean and prepare them properly. Use a damp paper towel or a gentle stream of water to remove any dirt or debris from the mushroom's surface. Some mushrooms may also require trimming to remove any woody or dried-out pieces of the stem. It is important to identify the type of mushroom you are harvesting and follow specific guidelines for that variety. Different species have unique characteristics and requirements, and legal requirements must be followed when harvesting certain mushrooms.
Once the mushrooms are clean and trimmed, they can be sliced, quartered, or chopped to the desired size. It is best to use the mushrooms fresh, but they can also be stored in the refrigerator for 1-2 days or frozen for later use. Proper storage will help maintain their quality and extend their shelf life. Remember to be mindful of the environment and the needs of the fungi when harvesting mushrooms. Leaving some mushrooms behind ensures the fungus can reproduce and continue producing spores.
While the debate between cutting and pulling mushrooms may seem like a minor issue, it highlights the passion and dedication of mushroom enthusiasts. The choice of harvesting method ultimately depends on personal preference, the specific mushroom species, and environmental considerations. By following sustainable practices and respecting the fungus's life cycle, we can all enjoy the delights of mushroom foraging for years to come.
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Knowing when to harvest mushrooms
Knowing when to harvest your mushrooms is a crucial skill to master to maximise future yields and get the most out of your crop. The ideal harvest time varies depending on the mushroom species, and you will learn to identify the right time through experience. However, there are some general rules and techniques that you can follow to determine when to harvest your mushrooms.
Firstly, it is important to understand the mushroom life cycle. Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of a much larger organism made up of a network of delicate mycelium. The mycelium is the main part of the fungus, and mushrooms are formed to assist with reproduction. When the mushroom is mature, it releases spores, which grow into the next generation of mushrooms. This process is undesirable when growing mushrooms indoors, as the spores can reduce mushroom yields in subsequent growth cycles. Therefore, it is essential to harvest mushrooms before the spores are released.
The veil, a thin membrane on the underside of the mushroom cap that keeps the spores in, is a crucial indicator of when to harvest. Generally, you should harvest mushrooms just before the veil tears. On juvenile mushrooms, veils are usually grey-white and fleshy. As the mushroom matures, the veil darkens and begins to sag. Once the veil tears, it will detach from the underside of the cap, revealing gills and a cavity. Therefore, you should harvest the mushrooms as soon as you notice any darkening or sagging of the veil.
The ideal harvest time also depends on the mushroom variety and its maturity signs. For example, oyster mushrooms are typically ready for harvest when the outside edge is curled under and feels similar to the curve at the top of your ear. Additionally, blue oyster mushrooms should be harvested when the edges of the caps of the largest mushrooms in the cluster start to uncurl and flatten out.
Different techniques can be used to harvest mushrooms, including twisting, pulling, and cutting. When harvesting lion's mane mushrooms, for example, it is recommended to gently twist and pull them off at the base rather than cutting them, as it can be difficult to get a knife behind the fruit body. However, cutting is often preferred for other species, such as chestnut and king oyster mushrooms, as it causes less damage to the mycelium and reduces cleaning time.
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Using cardboard to grow mycelium
To begin, you will need to source some cardboard. You can get this for free from local shops that are throwing it away or recycling it. Cut the cardboard into pieces that fit well into your container. You will also need a container, such as a grow bag or a clear box, and some mushroom spawn. For oyster mushrooms, a ratio of approximately 10% mushroom spawn to 90% cardboard is optimal.
Once you have your materials, it's time to start growing. Add a layer of cardboard to the bottom of your container, followed by a layer of mushroom spawn. Repeat this process until your container is full, making sure to end with a layer of cardboard. If you are using a grow bag, tie it off securely once you are done.
Now, put your container in a dark place at room temperature and leave it to incubate for two to three weeks. During this time, it is important to let air out of the container daily, as carbon dioxide buildup can stunt the growth of your mycelium. If you are using a clear box, you will be able to see the mycelium as it grows through the edges of the cardboard.
Once the contents of your container are fully white and colonized, you can prepare to fruit your mushrooms. If you are using a clear box, you may need to punch holes in the cardboard to let oxygen in and encourage fruiting. Keep in mind that if you see any signs of black or green mold, your container has become contaminated.
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The health benefits of mycelium
Mycelium, the vegetative growth form of filamentous fungi, has been identified as a possible solution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger within a sustainable agricultural system by 2030. It is a nutrient-dense food that is environmentally sustainable and can address malnutrition and undernutrition. Mycelium is a good source of flavour, quality protein, fibre, and essential micronutrients, all of which are crucial for improving public health.
The use of mycelium as a food source has gained scientific and commercial interest. It is similar to fermented foods like tempeh, yogurt, and kombucha, which offer a wide range of health benefits. Mycelium-based supplements have been shown to support an engaged and modulated immune response. They contain beta-glucans, a type of polysaccharide that supports immune response and health. The fermentation process produces unique novel compounds that provide significant and complementary immune support.
Mycelium also has a role in ecology and sustainability. It can be used as an alternative material, reducing energy consumption, emissions, and the use of chemicals in production. It is a durable and sustainable material that can be used to reduce pollution through mycoremediation. This process involves using mycelium to decompose and convert waste into a consumable product, such as breaking down non-degradable materials like plastics and nuclear waste.
Additionally, mycelium is essential for the health of forest ecosystems, facilitating the exchange of nutrients. This improves the overall health of the ecosystem, demonstrating the importance of mycelium in nature and its potential for promoting sustainability and human health.
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Frequently asked questions
You need to carefully observe the veil of each mushroom, which is located on the underside of the cap and covers the gills. The right time to harvest is just before the veil tears.
There are two schools of thought. One is to cut off the fruit bodies where they join the ground to avoid damaging the mycelium. The other is to twist and pull the mushroom from the mycelium. The latter method is argued to prevent the residual stump from rotting and infecting the mycelium.
It is important to inflict as little damage on the mycelium as possible. Keep things sterile by washing your hands, wearing gloves, and wearing a face mask. Additionally, be careful not to trample the mycelium in the top layer of soil.
Mushroom mycelium is the thread-like body of a fungus that is often hidden underground or inside rotting logs and stumps. It is the main part of the fungus, while the visible mushrooms are the fruiting bodies that form to assist with reproduction. Mycelium consists of thousands of delicate, thread-like hyphae that join together to form an underground network of long fibers that grow through organic matter and obtain nutrients.
