John Miller
Mushroom ratio can refer to two different things: the spawn ratio in mushroom cultivation, or the extraction ratio in mushroom supplements. Spawn ratio is the proportion of colonized grain (spawn) used relative to the bulk substrate. It affects how quickly colonization happens, how vulnerable the mushrooms are to contamination, and how predictable the yields will be. Extraction ratio, on the other hand, describes the concentration of active compounds extracted from raw mushrooms into the final product. A higher extraction ratio implies a more concentrated extract, potentially richer in beneficial compounds. However, this is not always the case, as the specific bioactive molecules and their concentrations are not always displayed on the labelling.
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What You'll Learn
Extraction ratios in mycotherapy
The extraction ratio, also known as the concentration ratio, establishes a link between the quantity of raw mushroom material and the resulting extract. For example, a ratio of 15:1 translates to 15 grams of mushrooms yielding 1 gram of extract. A high extraction ratio implies a more concentrated extract, potentially richer in beneficial compounds than a product with a lower ratio. These ratios are also used to justify the price to the consumer, as a higher ratio implies a higher quantity of bioactive molecules. However, this is not always the case, as it depends on several factors, including the specific concentration ratio and the extraction method used.
To obtain a full extract from a mushroom, an extraction process is required to release the active compounds, such as beta-glucans, triterpenoids, ergosterols, enzymes, and vitamins. The choice of extraction method depends on the specific mushroom and the polarity of the active compounds within it. In mycotherapy, a double extraction process, combining both water and alcohol (known as hydroalcoholic extraction), is generally recommended over a single extraction method. This is because water extraction captures hydrophilic molecules like beta-glucans, while alcohol extraction is useful for isolating certain compounds like triterpenes.
While a high extraction ratio may imply a more concentrated product, it is not sufficient to assess the quality of a medicinal mushroom supplement. A detailed breakdown of the bioactives on the label is essential, including the quantity of bioactive molecules and the specific compounds present in the mushroom, such as cordycepin in Cordyceps. Without a robust analysis of the specific bioactive molecules and their concentrations on the label, consumers cannot be sure they are purchasing a mushroom-based or mycotherapy product.
Furthermore, possible extraction ratios (such as 6:1 or 10:1) do not guarantee the quality of the product. When companies source from multiple suppliers and process mushrooms together, they cannot track the genetic strain or growing methods. As long as the final product meets the ratio, there is no guarantee that it contains any beneficial active compounds. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully analyse the labelling and consider the extraction method used when choosing a mycotherapy product.
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Extraction ratios in supplements
The extraction ratio, also known as the concentration ratio, is a common piece of information found on supplement labels. It establishes a link between the quantity of raw material and the resulting extract. For example, a 15:1 ratio means that 15 grams of mushrooms were used to produce 1 gram of extract.
Extraction ratios are often used as a selling point for products, with consumers assuming that a higher ratio indicates a more robust product. However, this is not always the case, as the concentration of specific bioactive molecules is not guaranteed by a higher ratio. These molecules vary across different types of mushrooms, and unique processes are required to maximise the extraction of these molecules.
The extraction process itself can also impact the quality of the final product. Heat-based hot water and dual extractions are generally considered to be effective, while plain mushroom powder created through grinding is not as beneficial as an extract. Fermentation, for example, does not break down mushroom cell walls, resulting in lower levels of active compounds.
To ensure the quality and consistency of mushroom supplements, companies can develop specific manufacturing processes for each mushroom type and apply rigorous quality management systems. Analysing the bioactive profiles of each mushroom type through quantitative analysis enables companies to design tailored extraction and production approaches.
In summary, while extraction ratios provide information about the quantity of raw material used, they do not guarantee the quality or potency of the final product. The extraction process, the specific mushroom type, and the concentration of bioactive molecules are all critical factors in determining the effectiveness of mushroom supplements.
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Mushroom spawn ratios for cultivation
The spawn ratio in mushroom cultivation is the proportion of colonized grain (spawn) used relative to the bulk substrate. It is a critical factor in mushroom farming as it determines how quickly colonisation occurs, the susceptibility of bags to contamination, and the predictability of yields. The ideal spawn ratio varies depending on the specific context, including the species of mushroom, the growing environment, and the goals of the farmer.
Fast-growing mushroom species, such as pink oyster and phoenix oyster, can succeed with modest spawn inputs and lower spawn ratios. These species colonise aggressively, allowing them to thrive even with reduced spawn ratios. On the other hand, slower-growing species like Lion's Mane and Shiitake have more specific environmental demands and may require higher spawn ratios, typically ranging from 20-25%, to achieve reliable results in non-sterile environments.
The growing environment also plays a crucial role in determining the spawn ratio. In controlled environments, such as clean labs or well-regulated grow rooms, mycelium doesn't need help competing, and lower spawn ratios can be effective. However, in uncontrolled environments like greenhouses or garages, a higher spawn ratio is beneficial as it helps the mycelium take over before contaminants can affect the crop.
Additionally, the choice of substrate, or growing medium, is closely linked to spawn selection. Different substrates have varying colonisation dynamics. For example, straw is loose and porous, facilitating airflow and rapid mycelial spread. In contrast, dense materials like supplemented sawdust or woodchips can be more challenging to colonise and may require a higher spawn ratio to maintain growth momentum.
While there is no one-size-fits-all formula for spawn ratios, understanding the interplay between species characteristics, environmental conditions, and substrate choice is essential for optimising mushroom cultivation. Growers can adjust spawn ratios based on their specific contexts to achieve successful and predictable yields while minimising the risk of contamination.
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How mushrooms are prepared
The term "mushroom ratio" usually refers to the extraction ratio or concentration ratio of mushroom supplements and extracts. For example, a ratio of 15:1 means that 15 grams of mushrooms were used to produce 1 gram of extract. A higher ratio implies a more concentrated extract with potentially more beneficial compounds. However, this is not always the case, as the specific bioactive molecules and their concentrations are not always disclosed on the labelling.
Now, here is a guide on how mushrooms are prepared for cooking:
Cleaning and Preparation
Mushrooms should be cleaned gently with a soft brush or damp kitchen paper to remove any dirt. It is best to avoid washing mushrooms under water as they can absorb moisture, affecting their texture when cooked. If you must rinse them, do so quickly and pat them dry immediately. Remove any tough stem ends and cut the mushrooms into slices of roughly the same thickness for even cooking.
Cooking Methods
Mushrooms can be cooked in various ways, including frying, sautéing, roasting, and microwaving. One popular method is to heat oil or butter in a large pan over medium-high heat and add the mushrooms in a single layer, ensuring they are not overcrowded. Leave them undisturbed for a few minutes until they start to brown and release their juices. Then, season with salt, pepper, and herbs like parsley or thyme. You can also add ingredients like garlic, butter, lemon juice, or cream cheese to create different flavours.
Storage and Reheating
Mushrooms are best enjoyed freshly cooked, but they can be stored in the fridge for 3-4 days or frozen for up to a month. When reheating, it is recommended to use a skillet and add fresh lemon juice and herbs to enhance the flavour.
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Trusted sources for medicinal mushrooms
Understanding Mushroom Ratios
The extraction ratio, also known as the concentration ratio, is a common piece of information found on the packaging of mycotherapy food supplements. It establishes a link between the quantity of raw mushroom material and the resulting extract. For example, a ratio of 15:1 means that 15 grams of mushrooms were used to produce 1 gram of extract. A higher extraction ratio implies a more concentrated extract, potentially richer in beneficial compounds. However, this is not always the case, as it depends on various factors, including the specific bioactive molecules present and their concentrations.
When it comes to trusted sources for medicinal mushrooms, several companies stand out for their commitment to quality and transparency:
- Real Mushrooms: With over 40 years of experience, Real Mushrooms offers organic mushroom extracts verified for beneficial medicinal compounds like beta-glucans. They pride themselves on transparency and provide information reviewed by their science and medical team. Their Siberian Chaga extract is wild-harvested from Russia and tested by third-party laboratories for active compounds.
- Aloha Medicinals: Aloha Medicinals provides premium functional mushroom supplements, trusted by industry leaders worldwide. Their mushrooms are cultivated under strict quality standards in a state-of-the-art facility in Carson City, Nevada, ensuring unmatched purity and potency. They have one of the largest privately held strain banks, with over 1,200 unique DNA-verified strains. Their products meet USDA Organic and Non-GMO standards and are free from harmful chemicals and fillers.
- WholeSun Wellness: WholeSun Wellness focuses on transparency and guarantees the concentration of specific active compounds in their products. They partner directly with their growers to ensure consistency in the growing, harvesting, and processing of their mushrooms. Their products are Certified USDA Organic by the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food.
- Host Defense Mushrooms: Founded by world-renowned mycologist Paul Stamets, Host Defense Mushrooms offers mushroom mycelium and fruit bodies grown on their certified organic farm in Washington State. Their formulations are based on scientifically proven data to ensure quality and safety, and they are the best-selling mushroom supplement brand in the US.
- Hifas da Terra UK: Hifas da Terra UK is a biotech company with 25 years of experience. They design specific manufacturing processes for each mushroom, considering its unique characteristics. They apply a rigorous quality management system, known as the "Hifas Quality System", to guarantee the quality and consistency of their products.
When considering medicinal mushrooms, it is essential to choose a reputable source that prioritizes quality, transparency, and safety. These companies offer a range of products with verified medicinal benefits, providing consumers with trusted options in the growing world of functional mushrooms.
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Frequently asked questions
The mushroom ratio, also known as the extraction ratio, concentration ratio, or spawn ratio, refers to the proportion of colonized grain (spawn) used relative to the bulk substrate. It dictates how quickly colonisation occurs, how susceptible your bags are to contamination, and how predictable your yields will be. For example, a ratio of 15:1 means 15 grams of mushrooms are needed to produce 1 gram of extract.
The mushroom ratio is important because it indicates the potency and concentration of a mushroom supplement. It also controls the speed of colonisation, the susceptibility of bags to contamination, and the predictability of yields.
A higher ratio generally improves colonisation time and consistency. Fast-growing species can often succeed with 10-15% spawn ratios, while slower species like shiitake may require 20-25% for reliable results in non-sterile environments. A higher ratio can also act as a buffer if your process doesn't include a laminar flow hood or sterilised equipment.
