Emma Wilson
Mushroom extracts are processed in a way that eliminates the water component, which is why they are often dried and turned into a powder. The extraction process involves transferring a property of the mushroom to a liquid, with tinctures typically being extracted into drinkable alcohol and extracts infused into water. Mushroom extracts are used for their health and wellness benefits, with some claiming they can do everything from reducing anxiety to fighting cancer. They are also used in skincare for their anti-aging and skin-soothing properties.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | A mushroom extract is a supplement that contains extracts from a single type of mushroom or combines extracts from several different types of mushrooms. |
| Forms | Capsules, powders, liquid extracts, mouth sprays, teas, coffees, gummies, tinctures, etc. |
| Extraction Process | Extraction is the process of transferring a property of the mushroom to a liquid. Hot water is used if water-soluble compounds are to be extracted; alcohol is used for alcohol-soluble compounds. |
| Health Benefits | Anti-aging, fatigue reduction, enhanced athletic performance, mental health assistance, cancer-fighting properties, immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory effects, etc. |
| Skin Benefits | Soothing, anti-aging, discoloration-fading, barrier-strengthening, reduction of skin wrinkles, dryness, and skin irritation. |
| Preservative | Mushroom extract is used as a natural preservative in beverages to extend their shelf life and meet the growing consumer demand for natural and sustainable ingredients. |
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What You'll Learn
Extraction methods
The extraction process involves separating certain chemical compounds from the mushroom. This is done by placing the mushroom in a solvent, such as water or alcohol (typically ethanol). The mushroom can be dried and then chopped or ground beforehand to increase the surface area exposed to the solvent. The compounds will then dissolve in the solvent.
There are three major mushroom extraction methods: hot water, alcohol, and dual extraction. The hot water method is a traditional and common process, where mushrooms are added to a pot of boiling water, which is then lowered to a simmer for 30 minutes to a few days. The alcohol method involves placing dried mushrooms in a jar with alcohol, leaving it to sit for a month, and then straining the mushroom-infused alcohol. The dual extraction method combines the water and alcohol methods to pull out all the constituents, resulting in a shelf-stable product.
It is important to use the correct solvent as some mushrooms do not need dual extraction and may be negatively impacted. For example, mushrooms with few water-insoluble compounds can be extracted using the hot water method, which keeps the levels of beta-glucans high. On the other hand, Reishi mushrooms contain remarkable non-water-soluble compounds, so the dual extraction method is recommended.
When shopping for mushroom supplements, it is advised to look for extraction methods that use heat and to be wary of products with false promises. Fermentation, for example, is a common practice among large-scale companies as it is cheaper and more efficient, but it does not use heat and does not entirely break down the mushroom cell walls, resulting in inferior products.
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Health and wellness benefits
Mushroom extracts are created by transferring a property of the mushroom to a liquid. Typically, tinctures are extracted into drinkable alcohol, while extracts are infused into water. In some cases, these terms are used interchangeably. The mushroom solids are discarded, and the liquid containing the extracted compounds is cooked down to condense them to a standardized concentration. The extract may be sold in this liquid form or it may undergo further processing. In some cases, a liquid extract is sprayed in a fine mist and dried to create a powder.
Mushroom extracts are often used as supplements and have been associated with a range of health and wellness benefits. According to a report published in Frontiers in Pharmacology in July 2022, medicinal mushrooms have been credited with at least 130 different therapeutic applications. However, solid research on humans that ties mushrooms to specific health benefits is hard to come by. Here are some of the potential health and wellness benefits of mushroom extracts:
Improved Skin Health: Mushroom extracts have been incorporated into skincare formulations due to their potential benefits for the skin. They can help improve skin concerns such as skin discolouration, dryness, wrinkles, and a compromised skin barrier. Mushroom extracts contain antioxidants such as glutathione and ergothioneine, which improve the skin's response to pollutants and strengthen its immune system. Additionally, they possess soothing, anti-aging, and barrier-strengthening properties.
Cancer-Fighting Properties: Medicinal mushrooms have been studied for their antitumor and immunomodulatory properties, with some extracts showing potential in reducing liver cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In China and Japan, Coriolus versicolor (turkey tail) extracts have been approved for routine clinical practice, especially in integrated cancer therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Ganoderma lucidum (reishi), another medicinal mushroom, is also used as an adjuvant in the treatment of various types of cancer.
Immune System Enhancement: Polysaccharides, particularly beta-glucans, found in mushrooms are known to enhance the immune system. Beta-glucans can be found in mushroom extract powder, providing immune-boosting benefits.
Fatigue Reduction and Enhanced Athletic Performance: Certain mushroom extracts have been found to potentially reduce fatigue and enhance athletic performance. A small study of long-distance runners published in the Journal of Exercise Physiology Online in June 2021 found that specific medicinal mushrooms could boost endurance.
Mental Health Benefits: Psilocybin, a mushroom extract, is a psychedelic substance that has been studied for its potential in treating depression, migraines, and other health conditions. While psilocybin is illegal in most states, research continues to explore its potential therapeutic benefits.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of mushroom extracts can vary depending on the extraction method and the specific mushroom species used. As with any supplement, it is crucial to exercise caution and consult a healthcare provider to ensure it is suitable for your individual needs and does not interfere with any medications or health conditions.
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Skin care benefits
Mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic traditions. They are now a staple in diets, supplements, and skincare products. The use of mushrooms in skincare has recently gained popularity due to their versatility and beneficial properties.
Mushroom extract is obtained by applying a solvent, such as water or alcohol, to a raw mushroom to draw out its beneficial nutrients. These extracts are then incorporated into skincare products like serums, creams, and cleansers.
Mushrooms are adaptogens, which help the body resist or adapt to stress. They contain antioxidants, amino acids, and anti-inflammatory compounds that provide several skincare benefits. For example, they help reduce inflammation, soothe sensitive skin, and protect against free radical damage that can cause wrinkles and other signs of ageing.
Mushrooms are also natural humectants, meaning they help the skin retain moisture, providing intense hydration. Snow mushrooms, in particular, act like a moisture sponge, pulling water into the skin and leaving it plump and dewy.
Additionally, mushrooms can brighten the skin and reduce the appearance of dark spots. Kojic acid, a well-known skin lightener, is derived from mushrooms like shiitake and is effective in brightening dull skin and addressing hyperpigmentation.
Overall, mushroom extracts in skincare offer a wide range of benefits, including hydration, protection, and anti-ageing properties, making them a popular and beneficial ingredient in the beauty industry.
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Natural preservatives
Mushrooms have been part of the human diet for millennia, celebrated for their nutritional and medicinal properties. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of their health benefits and potential as a nutritional and sustainable food source.
The use of mushroom extract as a natural preservative in food and beverages is an innovative approach that promises to extend shelf life and meet consumer demand for natural and sustainable ingredients. It is a direct replacement for artificial preservatives, allowing for a clean label. The extract is vegan, paleo, Whole30, keto-friendly, kosher, halal-certified, gluten-free, non-GMO, and organic compliant, making it suitable for strict dietary lifestyles.
One of the most significant advantages of using mushroom extract as a preservative is its health benefits. Mushrooms are a rich source of antioxidants and compounds like beta-glucans and triterpenoids, which have strong antimicrobial properties. These compounds inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, moulds, and yeasts, effectively preserving the freshness and safety of food and beverages. The polysaccharides in mushrooms, particularly beta-glucans, enhance the immune system and act as natural stabilizers. Polyphenols, another group of compounds abundant in mushrooms, possess strong antioxidant properties that help prevent oxidation, thereby maintaining the flavour, colour, and nutritional value of drinks and snacks over time.
The use of mushroom extract as a natural preservative also aligns with sustainable production practices and supports the broader movement towards eco-friendly food and beverage manufacturing. By upcycling mushrooms that would typically be wasted or recycled, companies can reduce food waste and create longer-lasting products.
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Risks and side effects
Mushroom supplements are generally considered safe for consumption and are often used for their purported health benefits, such as promoting strength and longevity. However, there are still risks and side effects associated with mushroom extracts that consumers should be aware of.
The most common side effect associated with mushroom supplements is an allergic reaction. Individuals with known allergies to mushrooms should exercise caution when consuming mushroom supplements, as allergic reactions may manifest as skin rashes, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. Additionally, some people may experience digestive issues such as bloating, gas, or mild stomach discomfort when taking mushroom supplements due to their high fibre content. Starting with a lower dosage and gradually increasing it can help mitigate these effects.
Mushroom supplements may also interact with certain medications. For example, reishi mushroom may interact with high blood pressure medications, anticoagulants, or immunosuppressants. It is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking mushroom supplements, especially if you are already taking other medications or supplements.
Furthermore, the safety of certain mushroom extracts, such as reishi, has been questioned. While some studies suggest that reishi mushroom extract does not produce any detrimental effects on the liver or kidneys in healthy adults, other case studies have reported significant liver problems. However, it is challenging to determine if the mushroom itself is responsible for the observed liver damage due to other factors involved.
Poorly manufactured or contaminated mushroom supplements may also pose additional risks. These risks include bacterial or fungal contamination, heavy metal toxicity, or improper dosing. It is crucial to select reputable brands that adhere to strict quality standards and undergo third-party testing to ensure the safety and quality of the product.
While mushroom supplements are generally well-tolerated, taking more than the recommended amount on the supplement label may lead to adverse effects, including stomach discomfort, nausea, and dizziness. It is important to follow the dosage recommendations on the supplement label to minimize the risk of side effects.
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Frequently asked questions
Mushroom extracts are processed to eliminate the water component, resulting in a concentrated form of the mushroom's beneficial compounds. These extracts are often used as supplements and can be found in capsules, powders, liquid extracts, mouth sprays, teas, coffees, gummies, and skin care products.
The process of making mushroom extracts involves transferring the properties of the mushroom into a liquid, typically water or alcohol. The mushrooms are dried, ground, and placed in the solvent, then drained, with the solvent being retained. This process may be repeated, and the mushrooms may be extracted in both water and alcohol. The liquid containing the extracted compounds is then cooked down to condense them into a standardized concentration.
Mushroom extracts are generally considered safe, with independent studies supporting their effectiveness. However, as with any supplement, there is a potential for interaction with medications or conditions. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any new supplement. Additionally, some people may experience irritation, inflammation, or dryness when using mushroom extracts topically.
