John Miller
Mushrooms have been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine and other traditional medicines to treat various illnesses. They are also a popular food ingredient, prized for their rich, savoury flavour known as umami. In recent years, mushrooms have become increasingly popular as a supplement, with many people claiming that they provide a range of health benefits, from improved mental and physical performance to better sleep and a boosted immune system. While there is some evidence to support these claims, much of the research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals, and it is unclear whether the same benefits would apply to humans. However, with the growing popularity of functional mushrooms, it is worth exploring some of the best mushrooms for health and wellbeing.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common Types | Chaga, Lion's Mane, Reishi, Cordyceps, King Trumpet, Turkey Tail, Shiitake, Maitake |
| Health Benefits | Better sleep, more energy, improved focus, improved immunity, reduced inflammation, improved digestion, improved metabolism, improved memory, improved mood |
| Use Cases | Coffee blends, supplements, tinctures, powders, juices |
| Nutritional Value | Vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, terpenoids, amino acids |
| Traditional Medicine | Used in traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic practices to treat illness; also used in Japan and China to treat lung diseases |
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What You'll Learn
Best mushroom coffee
Mushroom coffee is made by combining instant coffee powder with medicinal mushrooms, such as chaga, reishi, cordyceps, and lion's mane. These mushrooms are prized for their health benefits, which include improved focus and digestion, reduced inflammation and stress, and better sleep.
When looking for the best mushroom coffee, it is important to consider the ingredients used. The best mushroom coffees will contain powerful health benefits and good-for-you nutrients that help boost energy and focus. It is also important to select a coffee that utilizes beneficial mushroom compounds from "fruiting bodies" instead of just the mycelium (root). Additionally, look for organic ingredients and certifications like vegan and gluten-free. Price is also a factor, with some higher-priced options offering better mushroom dosages or premium coffee beans.
Some of the best mushroom coffee brands on the market include Shroomi, which offers a line of mushroom coffees and shots with various health benefits. Their dark roast with lion's mane has a similar taste to regular coffee and is clinically shown to support memory, focus, and concentration. MUD/WTR is another popular option, offering a wellness-forward coffee alternative with adaptogens and a unique flavor, although it may not be for everyone due to its bold taste and sediment. OM Mushroom Superfood Coffee Blend is also worth considering for its bold and strong flavour, and its blend of whole mushrooms and beta-glucans, which provide immune support.
If you're looking for a convenient single-serving option, IQJOE offers mushroom coffee K-Cups in a variety of flavors, although the original black variety has been described as tasting a little artificial and sweet. For a creamy, cocoa-like coffee with only half the caffeine of a regular cup, Atlas Coffee Superblend is a good choice. It also comes in a latte version with coconut milk.
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Medicinal mushrooms
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) mushrooms have been used for over 2000 years, with ancient Chinese texts noting their use for promoting calmness and enhancing meditative practices. They have also been used to support healthy ageing and boost qi. Reishi mushrooms are also known to aid sleep and act as potent immunomodulators.
Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor) mushrooms have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lung diseases, and in Japan, they are used to strengthen the immune system when given alongside standard cancer treatment. Polysaccharide K (PSK) is the most well-known active compound in turkey tail mushrooms, and it has been studied for its potential in treating various types of cancer.
Maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms are commonly referred to as Hen of the Woods or the Dancing Mushroom. They are known to help maintain healthy blood pressure and support immune function by stimulating various components of the immune system. Maitake mushrooms are also believed to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties.
Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus) has been used for medicine and food by indigenous peoples of pre-colonial US, Canada, and Australia. This mushroom is known for its potential to promote cognitive function.
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms are packed with choline, a nutrient that is particularly important for pregnant and breastfeeding people. They also contain immune-supportive and anti-inflammatory compounds.
Oyster mushrooms are low in calories and carbohydrates, yet high in B vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. They have been found to help reduce blood sugar, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to a reduced risk of heart disease.
While all edible mushrooms offer some health benefits, further research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic properties of medicinal mushrooms and confirm their safety and optimal dosage.
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Mushrooms for cancer treatment
Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in Eastern Ancient Medicine. In recent times, they have been studied for their potential in cancer treatment. While there is ongoing research, no mushroom products or extracts have been approved by the FDA as a treatment for cancer. However, mushrooms are being used as a complementary therapy alongside standard cancer treatments in some parts of the world, such as Japan and China, where they have been used safely for a long time.
Reishi Mushrooms
Also known as Ganoderma lucidum or Ling Zhi, reishi mushrooms are incredibly bitter and not edible. However, they are commercially available in various forms. Polysaccharides GL-PS and GL-T, found in these mushrooms, exhibit anticancer activity by inhibiting the cell cycle, exhibiting cytotoxicity, and possessing antimetastatic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Maitake Mushrooms
Maitake D-fraction, derived from Grifola frondosa, has shown promising results in patients receiving chemotherapy for several cancers, increasing response rates and reducing side effects. It also demonstrates a direct antitumor effect and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines.
Shiitake Mushrooms
Native to East Asia, shiitake mushrooms are commonly used in cooking and valued for their supposed health benefits. One extract from these mushrooms, called lentinan, is a beta glucan that may stimulate the immune system and slow the growth of cancer cells.
Phellinus linteus
Phellinus linteus, also known as song gen in Chinese medicine, has been shown in laboratory research to slow the growth of breast cancer cells and exhibit anticancer effects on skin, lung, and prostate cancer cells.
Coriolus versicolor
Also known as Trametes versicolor or turkey tail, this mushroom has been studied extensively in over 400 in vitro and animal studies. Coriolus versicolor extract stimulates the immune system, inhibits the growth of cancer cells, and acts as a potent antioxidant.
While the potential of mushrooms in cancer treatment is intriguing, it is important to consult a doctor before using mushrooms as a complementary therapy. More research is needed to fully understand their effects and any potential interactions with medications or other supplements.
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Mushrooms for immune support
Mushrooms have been used medicinally for thousands of years, and they are now big business. While the research is still in its early stages, studies have shown that mushrooms can provide a range of health benefits, including immune support.
Mushrooms are adept at immune modulation, and they can affect hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells. Certain mushrooms can positively influence the gut microbiota, improving protection against pathogens. They can also support immune health by enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses.
Some of the best mushrooms for immune support include lion's mane, shiitake, chaga, cordyceps, reishi, and turkey tail. Lion's mane is packed with antioxidants and strengthens the immune system. It also fosters the production of the bioprotein nerve growth factor (NFG) and myelin, which are crucial to brain health. Chaga mushrooms are also an antioxidant powerhouse, making them excellent for fighting free radicals and inflammation.
Shiitake mushrooms are great for the heart, and they can lower LDL cholesterol and prevent plaque buildup. They also contain phytonutrients, which help maintain healthy blood pressure and circulation. Turkey tail contains a compound called polysaccharide-K (PSK), which stimulates the immune system. PSK is so effective that it’s an approved anticancer prescription drug in Japan.
Medicinal mushrooms can be consumed in various forms, including functional foods, dietary supplements, tinctures, teas, and capsules. It is important to note that medicinal mushrooms differ from psychoactive species, and certain wild mushrooms contain toxins that are harmful to humans and pets. If you are interested in consuming mushrooms for their therapeutic properties, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare professional.
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Mushrooms for brain health
Mushrooms are an ancient medicine, packed with healthy fibre, polysaccharides, and minerals, making them a superfood for brain health. They are studied for their influence over degenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's and dementia, and their potential to improve symptoms of Parkinson's.
Lion's Mane is a well-studied mushroom known for its ability to boost nerve cell growth and maintain healthy nerve cells. It has been shown to have positive effects on depression, anxiety, inflammation, and immune system function. It is also a powerful antioxidant and can help balance neurotransmitters in the brain. Lion's Mane supplements are available in powder and capsule form, and can also be added to food and beverages.
Reishi (Ganoderma Lucidum) is another medicinal mushroom with brain health benefits, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's and Dementia. It has been associated with a reduced probability of suffering from mild cognitive impairment.
Cordyceps, a parasitic mushroom, is used in Asian kitchens and has been shown to boost energy, regulate blood sugar, and minimise inflammation. Chaga, used in traditional medicine in Russia, China, and Northern Europe, is high in fibre, low in calories, and can help reduce inflammation, lower cholesterol, and battle bacteria.
Nootropic mushrooms, including those in the adaptogenic category, have been found to help with stress management, brain chemical balance, and hyperactivity. They can help balance neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which play a key role in ADHD.
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Frequently asked questions
While taste is subjective, morel mushrooms are mentioned by many chefs as having a rich flavour and unmistakable meaty texture. Other mushrooms that are considered tasty include shiitake, black trumpet, porcini, chestnut bolete, and maitake mushrooms.
Mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in a variety of ways, depending on their texture and flavour. White button mushrooms are a good all-rounder and can be eaten raw in salads or fried for sauces or stuffings. Oyster mushrooms, with their oyster-like shape, mild umami flavour, and meaty texture, are commonly enjoyed in recipes like pasta, soups, and meat dishes. Portobello mushrooms are also versatile and can be stuffed, baked, or sliced and fried.
All edible mushrooms are healthy, but some stand out for their impressive nutrition profile and positive effects on health. Oyster mushrooms are low in calories and carbohydrates but high in B vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Maitake mushrooms are also highly nutritious, providing B vitamins, copper, and other minerals necessary for energy production, neurotransmitter synthesis, and red blood cell production. They also have anticancer, immune-supporting, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Shiitake mushrooms are packed with choline, making them a great choice for pregnant and breastfeeding people. Chaga mushrooms, also known as "the king of medicinal mushrooms," are rich in antioxidants and have been shown to boost immunity, brain health, and liver health.
Medicinal mushrooms have been used in Eastern medicine for thousands of years and are known for their health-boosting properties. Some of the best medicinal mushrooms include chaga, lion's mane, reishi, turkey tail, shiitake, cordyceps, and maitake. These mushrooms are packed with nutrients and have been associated with various benefits, including improved brain health, enhanced immunity, and anti-inflammatory effects.
