Mushroom Tinctures: Do They Work?

Mushroom tinctures are a natural remedy that has gained popularity in recent times. They are made by soaking fresh or dried mushrooms in a solvent, typically alcohol or water, to create a concentrated liquid extract. This process releases the bioactive compounds in the mushrooms, such as polysaccharides and triterpenes, which provide health benefits. These include immune system support, enhanced energy, improved cognitive function, and stress reduction. While generally safe, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before consuming mushroom tinctures, especially for those who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking medications. The dosage and frequency of use may vary depending on individual needs and the specific mushroom used.

Extraction methods and bioavailability

One popular method is the double extraction technique, which involves two steps: firstly, the mushroom fruiting bodies are dehydrated and soaked in high-proof alcohol for an extended period, typically around two to six weeks. This step extracts the non-water-soluble compounds, such as triterpenoids, phenolics, inositols, ergosterols, and sterols. Secondly, the fruiting bodies are separated from the alcohol solution and decocted in hot water, extracting water-soluble compounds like beta-glucans, polysaccharides, and other beneficial constituents. The alcohol and water solutions are then combined to create the final tincture.

Some sources mention a triple extraction method, which includes an initial cold-water soak before the alcohol and hot water extractions. Another technique is the "Spagyric" method, where the solid remains from the soak are burned, and the ash is added back into the tincture.

The choice of extraction method depends on the type of mushroom and its unique biochemistry. For example, mushrooms like cordyceps, lion's mane, and shiitake contain sought-after water-soluble compounds, making them suitable for hot water extraction. On the other hand, mushrooms like chaga and reishi, known for their potent medicinal properties, require alcohol extraction to access their non-water-soluble compounds.

The goal of these extraction processes is to break down the chitin in the fungal cell walls, making the beneficial compounds more bioavailable. By using solvents like alcohol and hot water, the extraction methods unlock the medicinal properties of the mushrooms, enhancing their bioavailability and potential health benefits.

Safety, side effects, and precautions

While mushroom tinctures are generally considered safe for most individuals, there are some precautions and side effects to be aware of.

Firstly, mushroom tinctures are not recommended for children. They are developed solely for adult use and contain alcohol, making them unsafe for children. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also exercise caution and consult a doctor before consuming mushroom tinctures. While some sources suggest that more research is needed on the safety of mushroom tinctures during pregnancy and breastfeeding, others emphasize the potential interaction of medicinal mushrooms with medications that regulate blood clotting, blood sugar, and blood pressure, which could pose risks during these periods. Therefore, it is crucial to seek medical advice before consuming mushroom tinctures in these circumstances.

Individuals with alcohol intolerance, alcohol addiction, or religious beliefs that forbid alcohol consumption should also refrain from using mushroom tinctures due to their alcohol content. The alcohol in tinctures can also interact with medications prescribed to regulate blood clotting, blood sugar, blood pressure, and suppress the immune system, so it is important to consult a healthcare professional before combining tinctures with any medications or supplements to avoid potential contraindications or adverse effects.

When taking mushroom tinctures, it is recommended to start with small doses to check for any digestive upset or allergic reactions. The optimal dosage and timing vary depending on the type of mushroom and the intended health benefit, so it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and pay attention to individual responses. Some sources recommend starting with a single tincture for 1-2 weeks before combining multiple tinctures ("stacking") to properly assess effects and tolerance.

To consume a mushroom tincture, individuals can place drops under their tongue for quicker absorption or add the tincture to their preferred beverage, such as coffee, tea, juice, or smoothies, to dilute the alcohol content and minimize its "bite."

Dosage and frequency of use

The dosage and frequency of mushroom tincture consumption depend on the intended effect. For instance, tinctures taken for focus, energy, or immunity are best consumed in the morning, while those for relaxation or sleep are usually taken with dinner.

The recommended dosage for mushroom tinctures is 2ml per day, or 1ml twice a day. It is best to consult a doctor before starting any mushroom supplement. The tinctures can be added to coffee, tea, or smoothies. They can also be placed directly under the tongue.

The dosage can also vary depending on the type of mushroom tincture. For example, tinctures made from Cordyceps mushrooms are often taken in the morning for an energy boost and can be administered a few times a day using the dropper.

The concentration of alcohol in the tincture is also a factor to consider. Generally, tinctures should have at least 20% alcohol for preservation purposes, and microbes cannot grow in an environment above 50% alcohol. The tinctures produced by one manufacturer contain 50-55% alcohol and recommend a dosage of 3.5ml added to a beverage of choice once a day.

Natural vs. pharmacological

The use of natural remedies has seen a resurgence in recent times, with mushroom tinctures becoming increasingly popular. This trend has brought about a shift from pharmacological treatments, which had replaced tinctures in the 19th century.

Natural

Mushroom tinctures are made from natural ingredients and are often favoured for their ease of digestion and convenience. The process of creating a tincture involves soaking mushrooms in a solvent, typically alcohol or water, to extract the active ingredients. The result is a potent liquid that can be easily dosed with a pipette and added to beverages or soft foods. Natural tinctures are often preferred by those who have trouble swallowing capsules.

Pharmacological

Pharmacological treatments, on the other hand, are typically in the form of pills. While these treatments may be more familiar and accessible, they may also come with side effects and interactions with medications.

Benefits of Natural Tinctures

Mushroom tinctures offer a wide array of health benefits, including immune system support and enhanced energy and vitality. They are known for their therapeutic and bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides and triterpenes, which have stress-relieving and cognitive-enhancing properties. The Turkey Tail mushroom, for example, has shown promising cancer-fighting properties.

Precautions

While mushroom tinctures are generally safe, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before use, especially for those with health conditions, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals taking medications. Some mushrooms may interact with certain drugs, including those prescribed to regulate blood clotting, blood sugar, blood pressure, and the immune system.

Contraindications and interactions with medication

While mushroom tinctures are generally considered safe for most people, they may interact with certain medications. It is always recommended to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating mushroom tinctures into your routine, especially if you are taking any medications or have underlying health conditions.

Medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to interact with medications prescribed to regulate blood clotting, regulate blood sugar, regulate blood pressure, and suppress the immune system. For example, Lion's Mane mushroom has been found to inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation, which can slow down the body's ability to form blood clots. Therefore, if you are taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications, such as heparin, warfarin, or acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin), it is important to exercise caution when consuming Lion's Mane mushroom tinctures.

Additionally, some mushrooms may have specific contraindications or precautions. For instance, alcohol-based tinctures may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as liver disease or epilepsy. It is crucial to research potential interactions and contraindications between mushroom tinctures and any medications or supplements you are taking. Consulting a healthcare professional is vital, as they can provide guidance on potential interactions and ensure your safety.

Furthermore, it is important to be mindful of the dosage of mushroom tinctures. Taking excessive amounts may not lead to better results and could potentially cause adverse effects. Always adhere to the suggested dosage to ensure safety and efficacy.

Frequently asked questions