Emily Johnson
Mushrooms have been used in Eastern medicine for thousands of years, and they are now being studied for their potential health benefits in Western medicine. While some sources claim that mushrooms can boost the immune system, others argue that the evidence is preliminary and that more research is needed. For instance, a recent study found that psilocybin, a compound found in mushrooms, reduced concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, which is associated with stress-related disorders such as depression. However, other studies suggest that mushrooms can overstimulate the immune system, especially in patients with autoimmune conditions or those undergoing certain cancer treatments. Therefore, while mushrooms may offer some immune-boosting properties, it is important to consult a doctor or specialist before consuming them for medicinal purposes.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Medicinal mushrooms' effect on the immune system | Medicinal mushrooms have been used in Eastern medicine for thousands of years. They are thought to contain compounds that may strengthen the immune system and improve immune response in patients undergoing chemotherapy. |
| Types of medicinal mushrooms | Turkey tail, maitake, reishi, lion's mane, shiitake, cordyceps, Agaricus |
| Effects of psilocybin on the immune system | Psilocybin immediately reduced concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, while other inflammatory markers remained unchanged. Seven days later, TNF-α concentrations returned to baseline, while IL-6 and CRP concentrations were persistently reduced. |
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What You'll Learn
Shiitake mushrooms boost immunity
While there is no clear answer to whether taking mushrooms lower your immune system, some studies have shown that certain types of mushrooms can boost immunity. One such variety is the shiitake mushroom, a culinary and medicinal mushroom native to Asia.
Shiitake mushrooms are low in calories and a source of vitamins, minerals, and other health-promoting compounds. They contain compounds that inhibit the production of cholesterol, block its absorption, and lower overall cholesterol levels in the blood. This, in turn, may help to lower the risk of heart disease.
In a 2015 study conducted by the University of Florida, 52 healthy adults between the ages of 21 and 41 were given a four-week supply of dry shiitake mushrooms. The results showed that consuming shiitake mushrooms daily for four weeks led to improved immune function, with increased ex vivo proliferation of γδ-T and NK-T cells, improved cell effector function, and increased sIgA production, suggesting improved gut immunity. The study also found a reduction in CRP, indicating lower inflammation in the body.
In addition to their immune-boosting properties, shiitake mushrooms are also a source of ergothioneine, an amino acid and antioxidant that helps prevent and slow cellular damage. They contain polysaccharides, terpenoids, sterols, and lipids, some of which have immune-boosting, cholesterol-lowering, and potential anticancer effects.
While the evidence suggests that shiitake mushrooms can boost immunity, more research is needed to fully understand the effects of mushroom consumption on human health.
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Lion's mane mushrooms aid brain health
Lion's mane mushrooms, also known as Hericium erinaceus, hou tou gu, or yamabushitake, are large, white, shaggy mushrooms that resemble a lion's mane as they grow. They have been used for culinary and medicinal purposes in Asian countries like China, India, Japan, and Korea.
Lion's mane mushrooms are known for their potential brain health benefits. They contain bioactive substances, including the compounds hericenones and erinacines, which have been shown to promote nerve growth and protect the brain from damage related to Alzheimer's disease. These compounds may also contribute to the mushroom's potential antidepressant effects by regulating the growth and survival of brain cells through the release of nerve growth factor (NGF). Animal studies suggest that these compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier, making them even more promising for brain health applications.
Additionally, lion's mane mushrooms have been studied for their potential cognitive and mood benefits in healthy young adults. A pilot study found that supplementation with lion's mane mushrooms may improve the speed of performance and reduce subjective stress levels. However, it is important to note that this particular study had a small sample size, and further investigation with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these initial findings.
While lion's mane mushrooms show promising potential for brain health, it is worth noting that most of the research has been conducted on animals or in test tubes. More human studies are required to fully understand the effects of these mushrooms on brain health.
Lion's mane mushrooms are available in supplement form, including powders and capsules, but it is important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any dietary supplements.
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Turkey tail mushrooms improve chemotherapy outcomes
Turkey tail mushrooms, scientifically known as Coriolus versicolor, have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. They are named for their colourful, fan-like shape, resembling a turkey's outspread tail. These mushrooms grow on trees and fallen logs and have recently caught the interest of modern researchers due to their potential health benefits.
Turkey tail mushrooms contain polysaccharides, including beta-glucans, which have been shown to stimulate the immune system. One of the active compounds in turkey tail mushrooms is polysaccharide-K (PSK), which has been shown to improve the survival rate of people with certain types of cancer. PSK is an approved anticancer prescription drug in Japan and has been used as a supportive therapy in cancer treatment for decades.
Research has shown that adding PSK to chemotherapy treatments for gastric cancer patients helped them live longer. In addition, a 2012 study found that breast cancer patients who took capsules of powdered turkey tail mushrooms recovered their immune function after radiation therapy more quickly than those who didn't take the capsules. Turkey tail mushrooms also appeared to boost the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments. Furthermore, a review of nine studies found that the addition of turkey tail mushrooms to anticancer chemotherapy increased survival rates, enhanced cancer cell apoptosis, and promoted anti-tumour effects within cancer patients.
Turkey tail mushrooms are generally considered safe, but people with mushroom or mould allergies should avoid them. It is important to consult with your doctor before taking turkey tail mushrooms as an alternative treatment for cancer to ensure it is a safe and appropriate choice for your health.
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Oyster, shiitake, and white button mushrooms reduce MCI risk
Mushrooms are a flavourful addition to meals, enhancing the taste experience without adding excessive fat, calories, or sodium. Research has shown that incorporating mushrooms into one's diet can have several health benefits, including a reduced risk of cancer and lower cholesterol levels.
Oyster, shiitake, and white button mushrooms, in particular, have been associated with a decreased likelihood of developing Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is a condition that causes memory and language difficulties and often serves as a precursor to Alzheimer's disease. In a study conducted in Singapore, participants who consumed more than two cups of mushrooms weekly exhibited a 50% lower risk of MCI. This benefit was also observed, to a lesser extent, in those who consumed only one cup per week. The mushrooms consumed by participants in the study included golden, oyster, shiitake, and white button mushrooms, highlighting the potential benefits of incorporating these varieties into one's diet.
Shiitake mushrooms stand out for their ability to maintain healthy cholesterol levels. They contain compounds that inhibit cholesterol production, block its absorption, and lower overall cholesterol levels in the blood. Additionally, shiitake mushrooms are an excellent source of vitamin B6, which is essential for the formation of red blood cells, proteins, and DNA.
White button mushrooms also offer unique advantages. When exposed to UV light or sunlight, they can significantly increase their vitamin D content, providing an easy way to boost vitamin D intake. Vitamin D is crucial for cell growth, immune function improvement, and reducing inflammation in the body.
Overall, the potential health benefits of oyster, shiitake, and white button mushrooms are promising, particularly regarding MCI risk reduction. However, it is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best dietary choices for one's individual needs.
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Magic mushrooms reduce inflammation
Mushrooms have been used in Eastern medicine for thousands of years, and they have gained even more popularity recently. Although shroom studies are still new to Western medicine, there is evidence that certain types of mushrooms can help the body fight inflammation.
Psilocybin, the active compound in magic mushrooms, has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects. It interacts with the serotonin receptor 5HT-2A, which can be found in immune-related structures like the spleen and white blood cells. The activation of this receptor by psilocybin can lead to a reduction in inflammation.
A recent placebo-controlled study found that psilocybin immediately reduced concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Seven days later, the TNF-α concentrations returned to baseline, while other inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and CRP, were persistently reduced in the psilocybin group.
Additionally, water extracts of four psilocybin-containing magic mushrooms (Panaeolus cyanescens, Psilocybe natalensis, Psilocybe cubensis, and Psilocybe cubensis A+ strain) have been found to have potential anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators. These mushrooms contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins, which are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The anti-inflammatory effects of psilocybin are being investigated for the treatment of inflammatory disorders such as Parkinson's disease, bipolar disorder, and chronic pain.
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Frequently asked questions
No, mushrooms are thought to strengthen the immune system. For example, the shiitake mushroom has been shown to increase immunity in people who ate a cooked shiitake mushroom every day for four weeks.
Mushrooms are a powerful source of ergothioneine, an amino acid and antioxidant that prevents or slows cellular damage. They also bring flavour to meals without adding much fat, calories, sodium or cholesterol.
Some types of medicinal mushrooms include lion's mane, chaga, shiitake, cordyceps, Agaricus, maitake, reishi, and turkey tail.
You can incorporate mushrooms into your diet by adding a spoonful of mushroom powder to your recipes, smoothies, or morning coffee. You can also eat them whole by cooking them and adding them to your meals.
