Emma Wilson
Ayurveda is the oldest system of medicine in India, describing the medicinal uses of several plants and very few mushrooms. Mushrooms are fungi that grow wild on moist, rich soil or tree bark, and while many are edible, some are toxic or even deadly. Mushrooms are used in Ayurveda, but not extensively, and their usage is increasing due to their medicinal qualities and widespread use in Chinese medicine. Some mushrooms are used to treat fatigue, low sperm count, excessive salivation, stomatitis, aphthae, diarrhoea, dysentery, wound cough, kidney disorder, and skin disorder. Ayurvedic practitioners also recommend specific types of mushrooms for specific seasons. For example, crimini and button mushrooms are recommended for Autumn-Winter.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Medicinal qualities | Immunomodulating properties, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, adaptogenic, immune-boosting, antioxidants, anti-carcinogens |
| Types | Reishi, Chaga, Cordyceps, Lion Mane, Maitake, Shiitake, Turkey Tail, Agaricus campestris, Oyster, Crimini, Portobello, Button, Shiitake, Magic |
| Ayurveda perspective | Not used extensively, but usage is increasing; considered Tamasic, i.e., causing inertia or lethargy; considered heavy and warming, helping with rest and sleep; sweet and astringent in taste, heating in nature, more balanced for Pitta and Kapha dosha |
| Other considerations | Should be cooked, not raw; some varieties are poisonous and can cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, allergic rashes, nausea, etc.; may interact with modern medicine |
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What You'll Learn
Ayurveda and magic mushrooms
Ayurveda is a system of alternative medicine with roots in India. It is considered a complementary and alternative medicine in Western healthcare.
Mushrooms are fungi that grow in dark, damp locations. They are considered Tamasic in Ayurveda, meaning they are believed to have a dulling or lethargic effect on the mind and body. They are also thought to be heavy and hard to digest, with the potential to cause vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and Kapha disorders. However, they are also believed to be grounding and calming to the nervous system.
Some mushrooms, such as the Agaricus campestris, are mentioned in Ayurveda for treating fatigue and low sperm count. This mushroom is also a good source of protein and vitamins B, K, C, and D. Other types of mushrooms mentioned in Ayurveda include Sarpachatraka and Chatra (Psalliota Campestris Fr), which are described as cold in potency, heavy, and sweet in taste.
When it comes to magic mushrooms, or psilocybin, there is a growing interest in combining them with Ayurvedic techniques to enhance healing. Proponents of this approach argue that the psychedelic effects of magic mushrooms can fuel meditation practices and accelerate personal growth. They also point to research suggesting psilocybin can help treat PTSD, anxiety, depression, and addiction.
However, it is important to note that not all mushrooms are safe for consumption, and some can be toxic or even deadly. It is always advisable to seek guidance from experts when considering the use of mushrooms for medicinal or therapeutic purposes.
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Types of medicinal mushrooms
Medicinal mushrooms are a group of fungi with therapeutic properties that have been used for centuries to treat and prevent various diseases and promote general health. They are particularly popular in Asian countries such as China, Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.
There are an estimated 140,000 species of mushrooms in the world, with only about 10% of them characterised. Here are some of the most common types of medicinal mushrooms:
Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus): Lion's Mane is a beautiful mushroom with long, cascading shaggy spines that resemble a waterfall. It grows on the trunks of hardwood trees in Northern forests. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to support the spleen and its association with digestion, energy, and water regulation. Lion's Mane is also used as a tonic for stress-related disorders and to increase concentration during meditation. Animal models suggest that it may also promote beneficial gut microbiota growth and reduce colon tissue damage in cases of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Reishi (Ganoderma lingzhi/Ganoderma lucidum): Reishi, also known as "the King of Functional Mushrooms," has a 2,000-year-old written record in medicinal texts. It is highly regarded in Chinese medicine, where it is believed to promote longevity, boost energy, and support healthy ageing. Reishi is also used in Japan, where it is known to strengthen the immune system of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Maitake (Grifola frondosa): Maitake, commonly known as the "Hen of the Woods" or the "Dancing Mushroom", is an edible mushroom with an earthy flavour. It thrives in the deciduous forests of North America and Japan. Traditional Chinese Medicine has used this mushroom to support the spleen and benefit qi. Maitake has shown anticancer activity against breast cancer, melanoma, and hepatoma cells in animal studies. It also has antiviral properties and is being studied for its potential to treat hepatitis B.
Turkey Tail (Trametes versicolor/Coriolus versicolor): Turkey Tail is a type of mushroom that grows on dead logs worldwide. Its rings of brown and tan resemble the tail feathers of a turkey. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is known as Yun Zhi, and it has been used to treat lung diseases and strengthen the immune system in cancer treatment. Polysaccharide K (PSK), the best-known active compound in turkey tail mushrooms, is an approved mushroom product used to treat cancer in Japan.
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus): Chaga mushrooms, also known as birch mushrooms or chaga conk, are a dark brown to black fungus that grows mostly on birch trees. They are widely used in China, Russia, and Korea. Chaga mushrooms contain anti-oxidant polyphenols, betulin, and betulinic acid, which are associated with anti-cancer effects. They may also slow down the progression of infections and type 2 diabetes.
Cordyceps (Cordyceps ophioglossoides): Cordyceps is a rare caterpillar fungus that grows at high altitudes in the Himalayas and the Indian state of Sikkim. It is claimed to reduce fatigue and stimulate the immune system in humans. An eight-week study found that cordyceps extract increased the activity of natural killer immune cells in healthy Korean individuals.
While medicinal mushrooms have a long history of use and show promising therapeutic potential, it is important to note that not all mushrooms are medicinal, and some can be toxic and deadly. More rigorous clinical studies are needed to fully understand the effects of each mushroom type and ensure their safety for human consumption.
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Nutritional benefits of mushrooms
Mushrooms are a type of fungus, often described as having an earthy taste. They are native to North America and Europe and are known for their delicate flavour and meaty texture.
Mushrooms are highly absorbent of minerals in the soil and are packed with essential vitamins and minerals, making them an excellent addition to a healthy diet. They are also the only natural source of vitamin D in the produce aisle, which is important for bone and immune health. Vitamin D can be increased by exposing mushrooms to a controlled amount of ultraviolet light. Mushrooms are also rich in B vitamins, including riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid, which help to provide energy by breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. They are also a good source of potassium, which is important for heart, muscle, and nerve function, and can help to reduce blood pressure.
Mushrooms also contain selenium, an antioxidant that helps to maintain a healthy immune system by preventing cell damage. They are also a source of beta-glucans, which have immunity-stimulating effects and can help to regulate the metabolism of fats and sugars in the human body.
In Ayurveda, mushrooms are considered to be heavy, warming, and grounding, helping to promote rest and sleep. They are also believed to have medicinal qualities, with some types of mushrooms being used to improve vitality and fight cancer. However, it is important to note that not all mushrooms are safe to consume, and some are toxic or even deadly.
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Side effects of mushrooms
The use of magic mushrooms can lead to a wide range of side effects, both short-term and long-term. The active ingredients in magic mushrooms are chemicals called psilocybin and psilocin, which are classified as hallucinogens. The effects of psilocybin vary widely, and adverse side effects are often mild or moderate, but some people may require medical treatment.
Short-term side effects
Common short-term side effects include perceptual changes, such as visual and auditory hallucinations, and distorted sights and sounds. People may also experience intense emotions ranging from bliss to terror, as well as physical side effects such as increased heart rate, nausea, and vomiting. The risk of a ""bad trip"" is higher for those who use multiple doses of mushrooms in one session.
Long-term side effects
Some people may experience flashbacks, or Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD), involving a previous magic mushroom experience. These episodes can happen weeks, months, or even years after the drug was last taken, and can be triggered by stress, tiredness, or exercise. Long-term problems can also include altered emotions and brain functions for up to a month after the dose.
Other risks
Magic mushrooms can be dangerous when taken in an unsupervised environment, as they can impair the ability to think clearly and be less aware of physical surroundings. This can lead to risky behaviour such as dangerous driving or walking into traffic. There is also a risk of misidentifying mushrooms and consuming poisonous or toxic mushrooms, which can be life-threatening.
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How to select and prepare mushrooms
Ayurveda does not restrict any seasonal, organic, and local food items. However, some mushrooms are considered tamasic, meaning they can induce sleepiness. Ayurveda suggests eating foods with qualities that are in direct opposition to the feelings that need balancing. For example, mushrooms are suitable when you feel light, dry, and cold because they are heavy, warming, and grounding.
Selection
- Mushrooms are a type of fungus with a fleshy, umbrella-shaped cap and a stem. They come in various sizes, shapes, and colors depending on the species.
- When foraging for mushrooms, it is important to get proper training and advice from expert mycologists. Joining a mycological society is a great way to learn from experienced mushroom pickers.
- When selecting mushrooms, look for ones that are fresh and fleshy, without any signs of decay or soft spots.
- Some common edible mushrooms include portobello, crimini, button, shiitake, and the occasional truffle.
Preparation
- Clean the mushrooms with a dry paper towel or gently brush off any dirt with a soft brush or damp kitchen paper. Avoid washing mushrooms under water as they absorb moisture, affecting their texture when cooked.
- Trim off the stem ends if they are tough. If the mushrooms are past their prime, peel them.
- Cut the mushrooms into slices of roughly the same thickness for even cooking.
- Heat a large skillet or pan over medium-high heat and add olive oil or butter.
- Add the mushrooms in a single layer, ensuring the pan is not overcrowded to prevent steaming.
- Leave the mushrooms undisturbed for 3-4 minutes until they start to brown on one side.
- Season with salt and pepper, and add minced garlic if desired.
- Continue cooking for another 3-5 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking, until the mushrooms are golden brown and tender.
- Finish with a sprinkle of fresh herbs like parsley or thyme, and a squeeze of lemon juice if desired.
- Fried mushrooms can be enjoyed as a side dish, toast topping, garnish, or base for a curry or pasta sauce.
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Frequently asked questions
Yes, medicinal mushrooms are prescribed in Ayurveda. However, it is important to note that not all mushrooms are medicinal, and some can be toxic or even deadly. It is always recommended to consult a professional before consuming any type of mushroom for medicinal purposes.
Some examples of medicinal mushrooms used in Ayurveda include Chaga (Inonotus Obliquus), Cordyceps (Cordyceps Militaris), Maitake (Grifola Frondosa), Reishi (Ganoderma Lucidum), and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). These mushrooms are known for their immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties.
Medicinal mushrooms are believed to have various benefits in Ayurveda. They are considered to be grounding and calming to the nervous system, helping with insomnia and promoting restful sleep. They are also believed to have medicinal qualities that can improve vitality, boost immunity, and fight cancer. Additionally, some mushrooms are considered to have adaptogenic qualities, promoting longevity and improving brain function.
Yes, it is important to note that Ayurveda recommends consuming mushrooms when they are in season, organic, and locally sourced. Additionally, mushrooms should be cooked rather than consumed raw as they can be difficult to digest. It is also important to consult a professional before consuming any type of medicinal mushroom, especially if you are taking other medications or supplements.
