John Miller
Lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD or acid, and psilocybin mushrooms, also known as shrooms, are two of the most widely used hallucinogenic substances. Both substances have profound effects on perception, cognition, and consciousness. While they share some similarities, they also differ significantly in terms of chemical composition, physiological effects, duration, and subjective experiences. This comparison between LSD and psilocybin mushrooms raises important questions about their safety, potential risks, and how these differences can influence their respective applications in psychological and medical settings.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Natural or synthetic | Mushrooms are natural; LSD is synthetic |
| Duration of effects | Mushrooms: 4-6 hours; LSD: 8-12 hours |
| Onset time | Mushrooms: 30 minutes; LSD: 20 minutes to 2 hours |
| Perceived pace of effects | LSD is perceived to proceed more rapidly than mushroom trips |
| Overdose | Possible with both; deaths due to LSD overdose are rare |
| Form | Mushrooms: dried, eaten, brewed into tea; LSD: liquid, paper squares, sugar cubes |
| Dependency | Possible with both; LSD is more potent than mushrooms |
| Side effects | Mushrooms: more grounded, nature-focused, spiritual; LSD: highly visual, mind-bending, complex thoughts, distorted reality |
| Cardiostimulant response | Psilocybin produced stronger elevations of arterial blood pressure; LSD produced stronger elevations of heart rate |
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What You'll Learn
Side effects and risks
While both substances can induce hallucinations, euphoria, and sensory distortion, the side effects and risks of LSD and magic mushrooms differ.
Magic mushrooms are typically dried and eaten or brewed into tea. They contain the hallucinogenic chemical psilocybin, which can induce euphoria and sensory distortion. Psilocybin is a Schedule I substance, meaning the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) believes it has a high potential for abuse and no legitimate medical purpose. However, current research does not consider psilocybin addictive.
The side effects of psilocybin mushrooms are generally minor and can vary from person to person. Common short-term physical reactions include dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart rate. Other reported symptoms include nausea, increased perspiration, numbing, and tremors, which can make psychological symptoms like anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, and mood swings appear more pronounced.
Adverse side effects are often mild or moderate and may resolve with time, but some people may require medical treatment. There is also a risk of accidental poisoning from consuming the wrong types of mushrooms. Additionally, dried mushrooms may contain other substances that affect their safety profile.
The long-term effects of magic mushrooms can be both physiological and psychological. Some individuals may experience persistent, distressing alterations in their perception of the world, such as visual flashbacks or traumatic recalls of intensely upsetting experiences. This condition is known as hallucinogen-persisting perception disorder (HPPD) and is considered rare.
LSD is a synthetic psychedelic drug that can be taken from a dropper or applied to small tabs of paper that dissolve in the mouth. It is made from a substance found in ergot, a fungus that infects rye grain. LSD affects all senses, altering a person's thinking, sense of time, and emotions.
The effects of LSD can be unpredictable, with some people enjoying the experience while others find it frightening. A typical acid trip can last from 6 to 15 hours, with lingering effects or "afterglow" lasting around 6 hours but potentially persisting for days or weeks if a large amount is ingested.
While a fatal overdose from LSD is considered unlikely, adverse effects that require medical intervention are possible, especially with large doses. There is also a risk of accidental overdose if LSD is mixed with other drugs, as it can have unpredictable effects and increase the risk of harm. For example, mixing LSD with alcohol can cause nausea and vomiting, while combining it with ketamine, MDMA, or cannabis can intensify the effects of both substances.
Similar to magic mushrooms, LSD use carries the risk of a ""bad trip," which can involve unpleasant or intense hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia, panic, or other negative emotions. These negative experiences may be more likely for individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions or those taking certain medications. Long-lasting effects, such as difficulty adjusting to reality, can occur even after the LSD's effects have worn off. Additionally, some people may experience HPPD, with recurring hallucinations and other effects persisting for weeks or years.
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Ingestion methods
Mushrooms
Mushrooms can be ingested in a variety of ways, each with its own unique effects on the body and the intensity of the high. Here are some common methods:
- Eating them whole: This is a straightforward method, but it may cause nausea and stomach upset due to the presence of chitin, a compound in mushroom cell walls.
- Brewing mushroom tea: A popular method that improves taste and bypasses the need to ingest chitin. It is also gentle on the stomach and absorbs faster. To make mushroom tea, heat water to 70°C, grind or chop the mushrooms, and steep them in the hot water for around 20 minutes.
- Lemon tek: This method involves using lemon juice or its citric acid to convert psilocybin into psilocin before ingestion, resulting in a rapid and potent uptake. It is more potent and may be too intense for some people.
Acid (LSD)
LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide, is typically ingested through the following methods:
- 'Tab' form: Small squares of paper soaked in LSD and placed under the tongue. This is the most common method.
- Dropper: LSD in liquid form can be ingested using a dropper.
- Sugar cubes: LSD liquid can be dripped onto food like sugar cubes and then swallowed.
It is worth noting that LSD can also be inhaled through the nose (snorted) or injected into a vein, although these methods are less common and carry additional risks.
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Onset time and duration
The onset time and duration of the effects of LSD and magic mushrooms differ. The effects of psilocybin mushrooms will begin around 30 minutes after consumption and may last up to 5 hours, with some sources stating 6 hours. However, a "bad trip" on mushrooms can last between 6 to 8 hours, and some effects may linger for several days. On the other hand, it can take LSD anywhere between 20 minutes to 2 hours to kick in, and the effects may last 6 to 12 hours. One source states that an LSD trip can last 8 to 12 hours, while another source states 10 hours. Despite the longer duration of LSD trips, people tend to perceive them as proceeding at a more rapid pace than mushroom trips.
The duration of the effects of LSD and magic mushrooms is influenced by their chemical composition. LSD is a synthetic compound derived from ergot, a type of fungus that grows on rye. Psilocybin mushrooms, on the other hand, contain the naturally occurring compounds psilocybin and psilocin. Psilocybin interacts with serotonin receptors in the brain, influencing mood, perception, and consciousness. LSD also affects serotonin receptors, but its chemical structure and binding mechanism differ from psilocybin.
The different onset times and durations of LSD and magic mushrooms contribute to the varying experiences they induce. LSD tends to produce highly visual and mind-bending experiences, sometimes involving complex thought patterns, distorted reality, and profound shifts in consciousness. The longer duration of LSD trips can lead to more intense cerebral experiences, often involving deep thought patterns and vivid visual hallucinations. In contrast, psilocybin mushrooms tend to generate a more grounded and nature-focused experience. Users often report a sense of connectedness to the environment and profound emotional experiences, in addition to vivid visual hallucinations and an altered sense of time.
The onset time and duration of the substances' effects also impact their safety profiles. While both LSD and magic mushrooms are generally considered safe when used responsibly and in controlled environments, they carry risks, especially when misused. The longer duration of LSD's effects increases the odds of undesirable side effects, such as increased muscle tension and muscular incoordination, which become more likely with repeated use. The shorter duration of psilocybin mushrooms' effects may make them less likely to lead to prolonged adverse events. However, excessive consumption of psilocybin mushrooms can cause behavioural issues, including aggression, violence, and risky behaviour.
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Tolerance and dependence
Tolerance refers to a decrease in responsiveness to a drug after repeated administration. In the context of LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, tolerance can develop with regular use, leading to a reduction in the effectiveness of the substance. This means that over time, higher doses may be required to achieve the same effects.
Studies have shown that tolerance to LSD develops rapidly, with the drug potentially losing its desired effects after three or four consecutive days of use. However, tolerance can return to normal after a period of abstinence, typically around three to four days. Cross-tolerance has also been observed, where the use of one hallucinogen, such as LSD, can increase tolerance to other hallucinogens, including psilocybin mushrooms.
Similarly, tolerance to psilocybin mushrooms can also develop with repeated use. This can lead to users increasing their dose to achieve the desired effects, which may result in a more intense trip than intended. Fortunately, magic mushroom tolerance is not long-lasting, and serotonin receptors typically return to their base level within about two weeks.
While tolerance refers to the decreased responsiveness to a drug, dependence refers to a physical condition and the side effects of being reliant on a substance. Dependence is often associated with physical withdrawal symptoms and cravings when the substance is discontinued.
In the case of LSD, there are no known physical withdrawal symptoms associated with discontinuing use. While there have been reports of psychological dependence, the evidence is limited. Regular use of psilocybin mushrooms can also lead to psychological dependence, with users increasing their dose and abusing the substance. However, magic mushrooms are generally not considered highly addictive, as their use is typically episodic and experimental.
In summary, while tolerance can develop with repeated use of both LSD and psilocybin mushrooms, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of the substance, dependence is less common. LSD is not associated with physical withdrawal symptoms, and while psychological dependence has been reported, it is not widespread. Magic mushrooms are also not considered highly addictive, but heavy use can lead to psychological dependence and an increased risk of negative experiences, such as "bad trips". It is important to use these substances with caution and be aware of the potential risks associated with their use.
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Safety considerations
Mushrooms
Mushrooms with psychoactive properties, often referred to as "magic" mushrooms, typically belong to the Psilocybe cubensis species. While the consumption of raw mushrooms has gained popularity among health enthusiasts and vegans, it is important to exercise caution due to potential safety issues.
- Toxin Awareness: Some commonly consumed mushrooms, such as button, cremini, and portobello mushrooms, contain traces of a natural toxin called agaritine. While this toxin is not hazardous in small amounts, it is advisable to minimise raw intake.
- Digestive Challenges: Raw mushrooms have tough chitin-based cell walls that can be difficult for the human digestive system to break down, potentially leading to discomfort or bloating.
- Bacterial Contamination: Fresh mushrooms, similar to other fresh produce, may be contaminated with bacteria. It is crucial to source mushrooms from trusted growers or sanitise home-grown mushrooms effectively.
- Safe Consumption: When consuming raw mushrooms, opt for white button mushrooms, and ensure they are thoroughly cleaned and fresh. It is recommended to start gradually and monitor your body's reaction.
- Preparation and Storage: Wash mushrooms with a damp cloth, trim the stems, and cut them thinly to facilitate easier digestion and enhance nutrient absorption. Store mushrooms properly to prevent bacterial growth.
- Wild Mushroom Caution: Avoid consuming wild mushrooms raw or undercooked due to potential toxins and digestive issues. This includes varieties such as morel, shiitake, and portobello mushrooms.
Acid (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, LSD)
LSD is a synthetic substance that was first synthesized in a laboratory by Swiss chemist Albert Hoffman in 1938. It is known for its psychoactive properties and is classified as a hallucinogen.
- Psychological Risks: As with any hallucinogenic substance, there is a risk of experiencing an unpleasant trip involving paranoia or fear. While these effects typically subside within 24 hours, some individuals may experience lingering distress, especially if pre-existing mental health conditions are present.
- Cardiovascular Effects: LSD can cause significant autonomic stimulant effects, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. These effects may be of concern for individuals with cardiac or vascular disorders.
- Dosage and Tolerance: LSD is a potent substance, and it typically takes a smaller amount compared to psilocybin (the active compound in magic mushrooms) to produce psychedelic effects. This can make it easier to ingest more LSD than intended, leading to a higher risk of a "bad trip."
- Duration of Effects: An LSD trip can last for up to 10 hours, which is significantly longer than the typical 6-hour duration of a mushroom trip. This extended duration may be a factor in the higher number of reported "bad" LSD trips.
- Pupillary Response: LSD causes lower pupillary contraction in response to light stimuli compared to psilocybin. This effect is similar to that observed with MDMA.
- Storage and Handling: If handling or storing LSD for laboratory or research purposes, it is important to follow standard safety precautions for acids and bases. This includes wearing protective gear, such as goggles, long-sleeved clothes, and gloves, and storing LSD solutions in tightly capped bottles, separate from other substances, to prevent accidental mixing.
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Frequently asked questions
Acid (LSD) is a man-made chemical compound, while magic mushrooms are naturally grown and well-known for providing a calming high and spiritual experience.
An acid trip can last between 6 to 12 hours, while a mushroom trip typically lasts 4 to 6 hours.
Acid is a liquid chemical, so people usually drop it on small squares of paper or straight into their mouths. Mushrooms are typically dried and eaten or brewed into tea.
Both acid and mushrooms can cause a ""bad trip", which involves paranoia, fear, and confusion. Acid can also affect your central nervous system and lead to an increase in muscle tension and muscular incoordination. Mushrooms have been linked to behavioural issues such as aggression, violence, and risky behaviour.
While deaths due to LSD overdose are rare, it is possible to overdose on both substances.
