John Miller
Flat mushrooms, also known as field mushrooms or BBQ mushrooms, are a type of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. Agaricus bisporus is a basidiomycete mushroom native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America and is cultivated in more than 70 countries. Flat mushrooms are large, typically measuring 10 cm or more in diameter, and are brown with a cap. They are versatile and can be used in various dishes, including BBQs, roasting in the oven, sauces, salads, and as a meat substitute.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Common names | Flat mushrooms, field mushrooms, BBQ mushrooms, portobello mushrooms, portobella mushrooms, portabella mushrooms, cultivated mushrooms, common mushrooms, button mushrooms, champignon de Paris, chestnut mushrooms, cremini mushrooms |
| Scientific name | Agaricus bisporus |
| Shape | Hemispherical, flattening out with maturity |
| Cap diameter | 5-10 cm (2-4 inches) or larger |
| Cap colour | Pale grey-brown, white, brown, chestnut, cream-coloured, light brown |
| Gills | Narrow, crowded, initially pink, then red-brown, finally dark brown with a whitish edge |
| Flesh | White, firm |
| Spore print colour | Dark brown |
| Spores | Oval to round, measuring approximately 4.5-5.5 μm × 5-7.5 μm |
| Basidia | Usually two-spored |
| Composition | 92% water, 3% carbohydrates, 3% protein, negligible fat |
| Vitamin content | Good source of B vitamins riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid, vitamin D |
| Mineral content | Good source of dietary minerals phosphorus and potassium |
| Uses | Salads, sauces, roasting, grilling, frying, stuffing, sautéing, garnishing, pickling |
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What You'll Learn
Flat mushrooms are also known as portobello mushrooms
Flat mushrooms, also known as portobello mushrooms, are a type of cultivated mushroom with a distinctive appearance and a range of culinary uses. Scientifically known as Agaricus bisporus, they are native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America and are cultivated in over 70 countries. Flat mushrooms are characterised by their large size, typically measuring around 10 cm or more in diameter. They have a flat shape, as the name suggests, and a brown cap with a paler background, fading towards the margins.
The mature, brown form of the Agaricus bisporus mushroom is commonly sold as portobello mushrooms. They are widely available and can be found in fields and grassy areas, especially after rainfall, from late spring to autumn. Portobello mushrooms are a versatile ingredient in the kitchen, known for their beefy texture and ability to absorb flavours. They are commonly used in recipes such as roasting, BBQs, sauces, salads, and as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes.
Flat mushrooms have a unique life cycle and were initially challenging to cultivate reliably. Early attempts involved digging up mycelium from fields and replanting them in composted manure, but this method often resulted in infected or non-growing crops. In 1893, the development of sterilised, pure culture spawn by the Pasteur Institute in Paris revolutionised cultivation practices. Modern commercial varieties of Agaricus mushrooms were originally light brown, but a chance mutation in 1925 led to the discovery of white mushrooms, which were considered more attractive and became widely cultivated.
Flat mushrooms, or portobellos, have a distinct flavour and fragrance that make them highly prized. They can be cooked in various ways, including frying, grilling, or roasting, and they pair well with meats, poultry, and fish. When cooked, flat mushrooms shrink significantly, so it is important to start with larger mushrooms to ensure a substantial final product. They are a good source of B vitamins, including riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid, and provide dietary minerals such as phosphorus and potassium.
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They are cultivated in over 70 countries
Flat mushrooms, also known as portobello mushrooms, field mushrooms, or BBQ mushrooms, are a variety of Agaricus bisporus. They are cultivated in over 70 countries and are one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world.
The earliest scientific description of the commercial cultivation of A. bisporus was made by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1707. However, the cultivation process was unreliable at the time. French agriculturist Olivier de Serres observed that transplanting mushroom mycelia would lead to the propagation of more mushrooms. In 1893, the development of sterilized, pure culture spawn by the Pasteur Institute in Paris enabled more reliable cultivation on composted horse manure.
Commercial varieties of the common agaricus mushroom were originally light brown. In 1925, a white mutation was discovered at the Keystone Mushroom Farm in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. This white variety was considered more attractive as a food item and soon became widely cultivated and distributed. Today, most cream-colored store mushrooms are products of this 1925 mutation.
A. bisporus mushrooms have two colour states while immature—white and brown. When marketed in its mature state, the mushroom is brown with a cap measuring 10–15 cm (4–6 inches). This form is commonly sold under names like portobello, portabella, or portobella. The immature white variety is often referred to as button mushrooms, while the immature brown variety is known as cremini mushrooms.
Flat mushrooms are versatile in the kitchen and can be roasted, fried, grilled, or used in sauces and salads. They are highly prized for their fragrance, texture, and beautiful appearance.
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They have a distinctive appearance
Flat mushrooms, also known as portobello mushrooms, field mushrooms, or BBQ mushrooms, have a distinctive appearance. They are cultivated in more than 70 countries and are one of the most commonly and widely consumed mushrooms in the world. They have two colour states while immature—white and brown—both of which have various names, with additional names for the mature state, such as chestnut, portobello, portabellini, button, and champignon de Paris. The pileus or cap of the original wild species is pale grey-brown, with broad, flat scales on a paler background and fading towards the margins. It is first hemispherical before flattening out with maturity, typically measuring 5–10 centimetres (2–4 inches) in diameter.
The white mushroom variety was discovered in 1925, growing among a bed of brown mushrooms at the Keystone Mushroom Farm in Coatesville, Pennsylvania. Louis Ferdinand Lambert, the farm's owner and a mycologist by training, brought the white mushroom back to his laboratory. As with the reception of white bread, it was seen as a more attractive food item and became widely cultivated and distributed. Most cream-coloured store mushrooms marketed today are products of this 1925 chance natural mutation.
Flat mushrooms are large, with a cap measuring 10–15 cm (4–6 in) in diameter. They are cultivated and found worldwide in fields and grassy areas following rain, from late spring to autumn, especially in association with manure. They are highly prized for their fragrance and beautiful appearance and can be cooked in various ways, such as frying, grilling, roasting, or adding to sauces, salads, pizzas, or soups.
The appearance of mushrooms varies greatly, and there are many different types with distinct characteristics. For example, trumpet mushrooms have a thick stalk and thin caps, while maitake mushrooms, also called hen of the woods, have a wild variety with a distinctive flavour and meaty texture. Morels have short stems and oblong tops with a veiny, honeycomb-like texture, and oyster mushrooms get their name from their cap's colour and shape, which resembles an oyster. Hedgehog mushrooms have a fruity aroma and a flat, wide top with a toothy underside.
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Flat mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in many ways
Flat mushrooms, also known as flat white mushrooms, field mushrooms, or BBQ mushrooms, are a variety of edible fungi belonging to the Agaricus bisporus species. They are characterised by their large, flat caps, which can grow up to several inches in diameter. Flat mushrooms have a creamy-white colour, a firm texture, and a mild, earthy flavour.
Flat mushrooms are incredibly versatile and can be cooked in many different ways. Here are some popular cooking methods to unlock their culinary potential:
Sautéing
Sautéing flat mushrooms is a simple yet delicious way to bring out their rich, earthy flavour. Heat a skillet over medium-high heat, add a drizzle of olive oil or butter, and toss in the sliced mushrooms. Sauté for a few minutes until they turn golden brown and release their natural juices. Season with salt, pepper, and herbs like thyme or rosemary for an extra burst of aroma. Sautéed flat mushrooms can be served as a side dish, used as a topping for veggie burgers, or added to pasta dishes, risottos, or stir-fries.
Grilling
Grilling flat mushrooms gives them a smoky and tender texture. They can be grilled on their own or used as a meat substitute in vegetarian and vegan dishes, such as burgers, sandwiches, and wraps.
Stuffing
Stuffed flat mushrooms make a tasty appetiser or main course. The caps can be filled with flavourful mixtures, such as herbs, butter, or other ingredients.
Roasting
Roasting flat mushrooms is another popular cooking method. They can be roasted in an oven or on a BBQ, and are often paired with herbs, butter, or garlic for added flavour. Roasted flat mushrooms can be served as a side dish or a vegetarian main course.
Air Frying
For a crispy alternative, flat mushrooms can be prepared in an air fryer. This cooking method gives them a crunchy texture while retaining their earthy flavour.
Flat mushrooms are a versatile ingredient that can be used in a wide range of dishes, including soups, stews, pasta, salads, and grilled preparations. Their ability to absorb flavours makes them a fantastic option for plant-based meals and a popular choice among chefs and food enthusiasts worldwide.
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They are nutritious and contain vitamins and minerals
Flat mushrooms, also known as field mushrooms or common mushrooms, are a type of cultivated mushroom widely consumed and appreciated for their nutritional benefits. They are an excellent source of various vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients, making them a nutritious addition to any meal.
Vitamins: Flat mushrooms are particularly rich in B vitamins, including riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), and pantothenic acid (B5). Riboflavin is important for energy production, cellular function, and maintaining healthy skin and vision. Niacin plays a role in metabolism and supports nervous system health, while pantothenic acid is crucial for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol, as well as energy production. Flat mushrooms also contain reasonable amounts of folate (vitamin B9), which is essential for DNA synthesis and particularly important for pregnant women to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in infants.
In the mineral content, flat mushrooms are a good source of selenium, potassium, phosphorus, and copper. Selenium is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and may also boost immune function. Potassium is important for maintaining healthy blood pressure and heart function, while phosphorus plays a role in bone health and energy storage. Copper is involved in energy production and the formation of red blood cells, and it also contributes to the health of nerves and the immune system.
Additionally, flat mushrooms provide a decent amount of dietary fiber, which is beneficial for digestive health and can help promote regularity and a healthy gut. They also contain ergothioneine, a unique antioxidant that may have anti-inflammatory properties and potential health benefits, including protection against certain types of cancer and neurological diseases.
The nutritional profile of flat mushrooms makes them a valuable component of a balanced diet. They are low in calories, fat-free, and a good source of lean protein, making them suitable for weight management and overall health. Including these mushrooms in your meals can boost your intake of important vitamins and minerals, contributing to improved energy levels, a stronger immune system, and a reduced risk of chronic diseases.
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Frequently asked questions
Flat mushrooms, also known as portobello, field, or BBQ mushrooms, are a type of Agaricus bisporus mushroom. They are cultivated in more than 70 countries and are one of the most commonly consumed mushrooms in the world.
Flat mushrooms are large, typically measuring 10cm or larger in diameter. They have a flat cap that can range in colour from white to brown, and a thick stem.
Flat mushrooms are native to grasslands in Eurasia and North America. They can be found in fields and grassy areas, especially after rain and in association with manure.
Yes, flat mushrooms are safe to eat and are widely consumed. However, there are some similar-looking wild mushrooms that are poisonous, so it is important to properly identify flat mushrooms before consuming them.
Flat mushrooms are versatile and can be cooked in various ways. They can be roasted, fried, grilled, or sautéed. They are commonly used as a meat substitute in vegetarian dishes or as a side dish.
