The Ultimate Guide To Growing Psychedelic Mushrooms

Psilocybin mushrooms, commonly known as magic mushrooms or shrooms, are a type of hallucinogenic mushroom that contains the psychedelic compound psilocybin. The compound is broken down by the liver and turned into psilocin, which is responsible for the psychedelic effects. While the growth of psilocybin mushrooms can be tricky, they can be cultivated at home. The process involves seven main steps: strain selection, substrate preparation, inoculation, incubation, initiation, fruiting, and harvest. The right conditions and tools, such as proper lighting, temperature, humidity, and sterility, are essential for successful cultivation. The mushrooms are typically dried and stored after harvesting to maintain potency and prevent the growth of mold and bacteria.

Species selection

Genus Psilocybe

The Psilocybe genus is the most well-known and commonly associated with magic mushrooms or shrooms. They are potent and widely distributed, found in the wild and in urban-proximate spaces. This genus includes species such as P. azurescens, P. semilanceata, and P. cyanescens, which are among the most potent varieties. Psilocybe cubensis, for example, thrives in tropical and subtropical climates, often near cattle due to the ideal growing conditions for the fungus.

Other Genera

While Psilocybe is prominent, psilocybin has been isolated from several other genera, including Panaeolus (Copelandia), Inocybe, Pluteus, Gymnopilus, Pholiotina, Cyclocybe, and Hygrophorus. Each of these genera has unique characteristics and distributions that may influence your growing environment and accessibility.

Effects and Potency

Different species of psychedelic mushrooms produce a range of effects and potency levels. Some species, like Golden Teachers, are known for their ease of growth and mellow experience. Others, like the Penis Envy mushroom, are sought after for their potency but require more attention and care to reach their full potential. Consider the desired effects and your level of expertise when selecting a species.

Legal Considerations

It is essential to remember that the legality of cultivating psychedelic mushrooms varies by location. While some places have decriminalized psilocybin, it may still be considered illegal by federal or state authorities. Ensure you understand the legal implications of cultivating psychedelic mushrooms in your specific area before proceeding.

Environmental Preferences

Different species of mushrooms have specific environmental preferences for temperature, humidity, and light conditions. For example, Psilocybe mushrooms favour steady humidity and grow well in basements due to the consistent temperature range. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are fast-growing, while Shiitake mushrooms require a longer incubation period. Understanding the environmental needs of the chosen species is vital for successful cultivation.

Sterilization

Using a Pressure Cooker

The substrates, which can include materials like sawdust or straw, are placed in a pressure cooker to sterilize them. This step is crucial as it kills any potential contaminants, such as bacteria or mould, that could hinder mushroom growth. The pressure cooker creates a superheated environment that eliminates unwanted microorganisms.

Cooling Down

After sterilization, it is essential to let the substrate cool down to room temperature. This step is often overlooked but is necessary for the subsequent stages of mushroom cultivation. Allowing the substrate to return to room temperature ensures that the mushroom spores or spawn are introduced into a suitable environment.

Sterile Equipment

Maintaining a sterile environment extends beyond just the substrate. It is crucial to use sterile equipment throughout the process. This includes using sterile syringes for spore inoculation, ensuring that the spores are transferred cleanly and safely to the substrate. Additionally, protective gear such as gloves and face masks should be worn by the cultivator to prevent any potential contamination from coming into contact with the substrate or young mushrooms.

Mason Jars or Grow Bags

These containers play a vital role in maintaining sterility during the inoculation and colonization stages. Mason jars or specialized grow bags provide a controlled environment for the substrate, protecting it from external contaminants while allowing the mushrooms to grow undisturbed.

Temperature and Humidity Control

Temperature and humidity are critical factors in mushroom cultivation. During incubation, maintaining the right temperature is essential for optimal mushroom growth. A thermometer helps monitor the temperature to ensure it stays within the ideal range for mushroom development. Additionally, a hygrometer is used to measure humidity levels, as mushrooms require specific humidity conditions to thrive.

Clean Environment

In addition to sterilizing equipment and substrates, it is essential to maintain a clean, dust-free environment. This includes ensuring that the space where the mushrooms are grown is free from potential contaminants. A grow tent can be useful in this regard, as it provides a controlled and stable environment, reducing the risk of contamination from external factors.

Environment

Firstly, it is important to note that different species of psychedelic mushrooms thrive in different conditions. Some species grow in tropical and subtropical conditions, while others prefer temperate climates. Therefore, it is essential to research the specific requirements of the chosen species.

Temperature plays a significant role in the growth of psychedelic mushrooms. Most species prefer temperatures in the 60s Fahrenheit, with the ideal range being between 62 and 65 degrees Fahrenheit. At these temperatures, mushrooms exhibit good fruiting speed and high quality. As temperatures deviate from this range, the growth and quality of the mushrooms are negatively impacted. Basements and other in-ground areas are popular choices for maintaining these temperatures without requiring excessive heating or cooling.

Humidity is another critical factor in creating the ideal environment for psychedelic mushrooms. Unlike savannahs, where humidity is concentrated in specific months, psychedelic mushrooms favour a steady supply of water and nutrients. Controlling humidity levels is particularly important during the incubation period.

Lighting is also necessary for the proper growth of psychedelic mushrooms. Contrary to the belief that "mushrooms grow in the dark," specialty mushrooms, including psychedelic varieties, require light for proper morphology. While there is no specific light spectrum needed, as mushrooms do not convert light into energy, light availability influences the length of their stems. Low-light environments result in skinny mushrooms with long stems. Regular shop lights or LED strip lights can provide adequate lighting for mushroom cultivation.

In addition to these natural factors, the physical growing environment also plays a role. Grow tents provide a stable and efficient space for mushroom cultivation, offering built-in ventilation systems that enhance air exchange and reduce the risk of contamination. Adequate ventilation is crucial, as it provides the necessary oxygen for mushroom growth.

Harvesting

To harvest, gently twist and pull the mushrooms from the substrate, being careful not to damage the underlying mycelium, as this will continue to produce flushes of mushrooms. Clean hands or sterile gloves should be used to prevent contamination.

After harvesting, the mushrooms need to be dried and stored. This process is key to maintaining the mushrooms' potency, preventing the degradation of the psychoactive compounds, and avoiding the growth of mold and bacteria.

To dry the mushrooms, lay them out on a clean, absorbent paper in a well-ventilated area, avoiding direct sunlight. A fan can be used to gently circulate the air. This process usually takes 24-48 hours, depending on the ambient humidity and size of the mushrooms. You can also use a food dehydrator set between 95-105°F (35-40°C).

Once dried, the mushrooms can be stored. The most effective method is drying, which will keep your mushrooms potent for 2-3 years if kept in a cool, dark environment. Freezer storage can also last indefinitely.

Drying and storage

Drying and storing your psychedelic mushrooms correctly is essential to maintaining their potency and preventing the growth of mould and bacteria. The most effective method for preserving your mushrooms is drying them, which will keep them potent for 2-3 years if stored in a cool, dark environment. Freezer storage can also preserve your mushrooms indefinitely.

To dry your mushrooms, lay them out on a clean, absorbent sheet of paper in a well-ventilated room. Avoid direct sunlight, and use a fan to gently circulate air around the mushrooms. This process typically takes 24-48 hours, depending on the humidity and the size of your mushrooms. If you have access to one, a food dehydrator can also be used. Set the dehydrator between 95-105°F (35-40°C) to dry your mushrooms.

Once your mushrooms are dried, store them in airtight containers in a cool, dark place. Glass jars or sealed bags are ideal for storage. Proper storage will ensure your mushrooms remain potent and free from contaminants.

Psilocybin-containing mushrooms may be used fresh or dried. They can also be turned into extracts or food products such as mushroom tea or edibles.

Frequently asked questions